Genetic Crosses
Define Codominance
Both alleles are seen at the same time (#4)
Define adaptation.
An adaptation is a trait of an organism that makes it more fit for existence (#13)
In what kinds of cells does cellular respiration happen?
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (#35)
Where do animals get most of their nitrogen?
by consuming plants and/or other animals (#61)
What is a pioneer species?
The first species to colonize an area after a disruption in the ecosystem
Ex: lichen, moss, grasses
(#56 )
Define Incomplete Dominance
Two alleles blend together to make a new phenotype, ex: pink flowers (#3)
Does natural selection produce changes in POPULATIONS or INDIVIDUALS? Why?
Natural selection produces changes in POPULATIONS! Individuals do not change; they are simply better fit for an environment than others.(#15)
In what kinds of cells does photosynthesis happen?
plants, algae, some bacteria (#36)
How does increased use of fossil fuels impact the carbon cycle?
Releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. When there is too much carbon dioxide, it leads to global warming, which traps heat in the atmosphere (#59)
Define Primary Succession.
Primary begins in a place WITHOUT any soil. Starts with the arrival of pioneer species such as moss/lichen
Ex. Volcanoes, Retreating glaciers. (#55 )
Tall is dominant to short. Cross a plant with tall (TT) and a pea plant with short (tt). (List the steps as you solve the cross.
1. Assign letters
- Dominant = capital
- Recessive = lowercase
2. Determine P generation (the parents)
- Alleles from same gene stay together
- Capital in front of lowercase
3. Place gametes along left side and top
4. Fill in the squares
5. Determine ratios (#1)
What is natural selection?
- Natural selection is the survival of favorable traits and the loss of unfavorable traits for a particular environment
- Those with traits that fit the environment survive and reproduce to pass down those favorable traits (survival of the fittest) (#14)
Photosynthesis converts ___ energy to ___ energy.
Photosynthesis converts light/solar energy to chemical energy. (#37)
What are the environmental consequences of disrupting the nitrogen cycle?
air pollution, acid rain, greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems
Define secondary succession.
Secondary begins in a place that already has soil and habitat for several organisms. Occurs faster and has
different pioneer species than primary succession.
Ex. Forest fires, Tornadoes, Deforestation (#55 )
Incomplete Dominance: In snapdragons Red is dominant to white. Show a cross between Rr X Rr and list the different probabilities of the offspring's. (Phenotype and Genotype)
RR(Red) 1 : Rr(Pink) 2: rr(White) 1 (#3)
What are the different types of evidence for evolution?
Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, Mutations, Non-Random Mating, Natural Selection
Write the equation for photosynthesis in words (NOT CHEMICAL FORMULA).
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy ---> Glucose + Oxyden (#39)
Name processes or events that add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
- cellular respiration
- burning fossil fuels
- forest fires
- volcanic eruptions
(#60)
What are the stages in secondary succession?
soil→ grasses→ shrubs→ trees→ animals→ climax community (#58)
Round is dominant to wrinkled. Yellow is dominant to green. Cross a plant with homozygous round, homozygous yellow seeds with a plant that has homozygous wrinkled, homozygous green seeds. (List the steps as you solve the cross.
1. Assign letters
- Dominant = capital
- Recessive = lowercase
2. Determine P generation (the parents)
- Alleles from same gene stay together
- Capital in front of lowercase
3. FOIL method to get gametes
4. Place gametes along left side and top
5. Fill in the squares
6. Determine ratios
(#2)
Why is genetic variation important?
Makes the population more resilient to changes in the environment because there is a higher probability that some individuals will be adapted to the environment (#16)
Describe the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
they are complete opposites, the reactants for photosynthesis are the products for cellular respiration and vice versa (#40)
How does bacteria play a crucial role in each of the Nitrogen Cycle processes?
They perform nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, and then convert ammonia to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification.
What are the stages in primary succession?
no soil→ moss or lichen→ grasses→ shrubs→ trees→ animals→ climax community (#57)