The human body
This body system prevents injury to internal organs, protects the body against entry of bacteria, prevents the loss of too much water and it helps regulate the body temperature.
What is the integumentary system
name 3 normal changes of the aging process
skin gets thinner/less elastic/fragile
muscles weaken and lose tone
bones become more brittle
responses and reflexes slow down
digestion takes longer
Immunity weakens
Appetite decreases
senses weaken
What is a decubitus and what body system is affected
Decubitus is a pressure injury affecting the skin/ integumentary system
PROM vs AROM
Passive range of motion: A CNA moves the resident's body parts
Active range of motion: The resident moves the body parts herself
How do you correctly identify a resident
-Ask the resident to state his/her name
-Ask another member of the healthcare team to identify the resident
Name 4 changes in the normal skin that you should report to the nurse
- redness/pale/white areas, blisters/bruises, open areas of any kind, rashes, swelling, dry/ flaking skin,
You are ready to get Joe out of bed for AM cares. You notice him staring into space. When you ask a question he is slow to respond, slurs his speech and is more confused than normal. WHAT DO YOU DO?
Inform the nurse immediately
What is COPD and what body system does it affect
COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease and it affects the respiratory system.
Explain abduction vs adduction
Abduction moves a body part away from the midline of the body. Adduction moves it back towards the midline.
Name 4 restraint alternatives
Restraint alternative= meeting the resident's needs
- offer food/ fluid
- reposition for comfort
- offer to walk the client
- offer toileting
- offer extra clothing or assist in taking off clothing that is too warm
- offer socialization
- offer meaningful activity
- alert the nurse if you see pain behaviors
- make sure the call light is within reach
Muscle wastes away, decreases in size and becomes very weak
Atrophy
Explain the difference between delirium and Dementia
Delirium: is of sudden onset and is usually temporary
Dementia: Has a slow onset, is progressive and irreversible
What is CHF and what body system is affected
CHF stands for congestive heart failure and it affects the circulatory system
Explain flexion vs extension of a body part
Flexion= bending of a body part
Extension= straightening of a body part
What do you do if you see a a frayed electrical cord
Immediately report it to the nurse
The muscle or tendon shortens, becomes inflexible and "freezes" in position
What is contracture
Name 3 ADLs that a resident loses in the late stages of dementia
- unable to communicate
- unable to feed themselves
- unable to go to the bathroom
- unable to walk
- unable to sit
- unable to swallow
What is a CVA and which body system is affected
CVA stands for cerebral vascular accident, which is a stroke and it affects the nervous system
Explain supination
Turning a body part upward
How do you know a person is truly choking?
They usually put their hands on their throats and they can no longer breathe, speak or cough. That is your cue to start the Heimlich maneuver.
Explain the difference between paraplegia and hemiplegia
Paraplegia: paralyzed from the waste down
Hemiplegia: paralyzed on one side of the body
Name 4 difficult dementia behaviors and explain how you would effectively deal with them
sundowning
agitation
catastrophic reactions
pacing/ wandering
hallucinations
delusions
repetitive phrasing
disruptiveness
inappropriate sexual or social behavior
rummaging and hoarding
What is diabetes and what body system is affected
Diabetes is the body's inability to produce or respond to insulin. It results in high blood sugar levels. It affects the endocrine system.
Explain opposition of the fingers
Touching the thumb to any other finger
Hypoglycemia or low blood sugar can be life threatening. It is usually a result of too much insulin or too little food. What are the symptoms you might see?
- confusion, slurred speech
- rapid pulse
- cold clammy skin
- nervousness
-trembling/ shaking
- unconsciousness
If a diabetic resident presents with these symptoms, it is an emergency and you must report this to the nurse immediately.