Biological Basis
This structure contains the “gates” described in gate-control theory that regulate pain signals traveling to the brain.
Spinal Cord
A child who understands that pouring water into a different-shaped glass does not change the amount has demonstrated this concept.
Conservation
A rat that learns a maze faster after a reward is introduced demonstrates this type of learning.
Latent Learning
The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals is called this.
Transduction
A study that examines the relationship between teratogen exposure and birth outcomes without manipulation is this type of research.
Correlational
Alcohol is best classified as this type of drug based on its effects on the central nervous system.
Depressant
Damage to this brain structure often results in a deep coma because it plays a critical role in arousal and consciousness.
Amygdala or Brain Stem
A nine-year-old learning about competence on the playground is in this Erikson stage.
Industry v. Inferiority
Gradually reinforcing closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior is known as this operant conditioning process.
Shaping
Failing to notice a gorilla walking through a basketball game while counting passes illustrates this phenomenon.
Inattentional Blindness
A graph best suited to display the relationship between two continuous variables is this.
Scatterplot
Repeated stopping and starting of breathing during sleep is characteristic of this disorder.
Sleep Apnea
This lobe is primarily responsible for processing auditory information, such as the sounds of vocabulary words.
Temporal Lobe
The ability of an infant to look for a toy that has fallen out of sight demonstrates this cognitive milestone.
Object Permanence
When Emily pulls her hand away reflexively after being scratched by a cat, this response is classified as a ____.
Unconditioned Response
When a person hears their name in a noisy room, they are experiencing this effect.
Cocktail Party Effect
If a distribution’s mean is greater than its median, the distribution is described as being this.
Positively Skewed
DOUBLE POINTS This stage of sleep is associated with vivid dreaming and increased brain activity.
REM Sleep
DOUBLE POINTS Damage to this structure may impair the ability to recognize fear in facial expressions.
Amygdala
This process occurs when a child changes an existing schema to incorporate new information.
Accommodation
The idea that a fear or growth learning opportunity is more likely to be developed based on our given biological environment rather than a created one.
Biological Preparedness
The sensory system responsible for balance and spatial orientation is this one.
Vestibular Sense
An advantage of cross-sectional studies over longitudinal studies is that they require this.
Less time
Travel-related sleep disturbances are caused by disruption of this biological rhythm.
Circadian Rhythm
This brain region is most associated with balance, coordination, and motor learning.
Cerebellum
Lev Vygotsky used this term to describe the range between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Learning that suddenly becomes apparent when a solution is realized is called this type of learning.
Insight Learning
DOUBLE POINTS Color blindness most often results from deficiencies in these retinal receptors.
Cones
Providing a precise, measurable definition of a variable in research is called creating this.
Operational Definition
Neurotransmitters that reduce pain and mimic the effects of morphine include these.
Endorphins
Severing this bundle of nerve fibers is sometimes used to reduce severe epileptic seizures by limiting communication between hemispheres.
Corpus Collosum
DOUBLE POINTS A 50-year-old who finds meaning through mentoring and contributing to others is in this Erikson stage.
Generativety v. Stagnation
In classical conditioning, presenting the CS repeatedly without the UCS leads to this process.
Extinction
Becoming less aware of the smell of paint the longer you stay in the room is an example of this.
Sensory Adaptation
A study design where participants are randomly assigned to use a phone while driving in a simulator or not use one is this type of research.
Experiment
This term describes the time after a neuron fires when it cannot immediately fire again.
Refractory Period/Resting Period
A tumor affecting this structure could lead to obesity by disrupting hunger and satiety regulation.
Hypothalamus
Recovery of functioning after removal of one hemisphere in infancy is best explained by this concept.
Plasticity (Nero or Brain)
A teacher who first uses stickers as a reward for positive prosocial behavior in a classroom and then uses a candy bar for filling the student's chart with stickers, uses the candy bar as what in psychology?
Secondary Reinforcer
Seeing a “13” in a number context but a “B” in a word context highlights the influence of this cognitive framework on perception.
Schemas
A school psychologist wants to know whether students who spend more time on social media report higher levels of stress. She surveys 300 students about their daily social media use and their perceived stress levels, then analyzes the relationship between the two variables. She does not manipulate any variables.
Correlational
This hormone is most associated with increased bonding and feelings of love.
Oxytocin