Handbooks
What is the DSM and who is it published by? What edition are we currently on?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychological Disorders, published by American Psychological Association (APA)
Currently on the 5th edition: DSM-5
What is etiology?
The study of the causes of childhood disorders
What is a rationale?
Why you're doing what you're doing, why it's important, why it's necessary?
What are the ABC's of behavior?
Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences
Why do we need to categorically label psychopathology and what are the downfalls of it?
It provides a common language for clinicians and is necessary for insurance purposes.
Oversimplifies complex human behaviors which can lead to stigma and also lacks cultural sensitivity.
What is the ICD and who was it published by? What is its purpose?
International Classification of Diseases develop by WHO
Purpose is global, covers all diseases, used for diagnosis/health
What is gene-environment interaction?
Where genes and environmental factors interact to produce different traits or diseases risks in people
What's backward searching and forward searching?
Backward: Looking at references in the article and read what is relevant
Forward: Look and see citations of the article and read what studies are relevant
What's a psychological test and a comprehensive psychological test?
A psychological test is a standardized tool designed to measure a person’s psychological functioning and it can have a narrower scope.
A comprehensive psychological assessment allows for a holistic evaluation that integrates different methods to get a thorough understanding of a person’s psychological function.
How come there isn't one model that explains all psychopathology?
What is HiTOP and it's purpose?
Hierachical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
Guides researchers for dimension and better aligns with genetic/neurological findings
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model?
The child's environment is a nested and interconnected structure with the child at the center
Why's the peer review process important?
Prevents biases, errors, or flaws in research that may have been missed by the researcher themselves.
Why is the scientific method important in the psychological assessment process?
Applying the scientific method helps produce accurate, consistent, and ethical psychological assessments which are important for effective care and treatment.
Why is knowledge of development important to consider when discussing child psychopathology?
There’s limits of normality for children and we have to be able to know when a certain developmental period is not aligning with the child’s behaviors.
What is RDoC and it's purpose?
Research Domain Criteria
Encourages research into causes of mental disorders, personalized treatments, more than symptom based diagnoses
What is evidence-based psychological assessment?
A clinical psychologist evaluates all aspects of a childs functioning to determine if the child meets diagnostic criteria for a psychological disorder
What are the 6 parts of an empirical paper and what main information is found in each part?
Why is it important to receive information from multiple informants?
To get a more holistic perspective, it helps to observe the person in different contexts because behavior can vary across settings (School, home, work, etc)
How do emotions, thoughts, and behaviors influence one another?
Changings thoughts or mindsets can alter your emotions or behaviors about a certain situation.
Why was the multi-axail system introduced in the DSM and why was it phased out?
It wanted to introduce other layers and account for symptoms such as social factors. Introduced the GAF; Global Assessment of Functioning and it was phased out because it took away the ability to conceptualize definitions of disorders.
What is IDA or Interdisciplinary Assessments?
Create a research question that could be answered using T-Test/ANOVA, Correlation, Regression, Moderation, Mediation
What are the differences between a comprehensive psychological assessment versus a diagnosis you receive from a pediatrician or licensed professional counselor?
A comprehensive psychological assessment can look at a variety of aspects of the individual. It also can provide different methods to assess, conducted by psychologists or neuropsychologists, etc.
A Pediatrician or Licensed Professional Counselor have limited context, use clinical interviews and questionnaires to make a diagnosis, diagnosis may be made in a single session or few meetings.
Is it easier to ethically participate in research with adults or children? Why?
It’s generally easier to ethically participate in research with adults because they can provide informed consent independently, while children require parental/guardian consent. Ethical guidelines are stricter for child participants to ensure their well-being and autonomy are safe.