Biological Molecules
This process combines monomers to form polymers while releasing a small molecule such as water.
What is condensation reaction?
This organelle, found in eukaryotic cells, is responsible for packaging and processing proteins synthesized .
What is the Golgi apparatus?
These Y-shaped proteins, produced by B cells, are an essential part of the immune system and are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens, thereby neutralizing pathogens.
What are antibodies (immunoglobulins)?
These blood vessels carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body and are characterized by thick, muscular walls that help maintain high blood pressure.
What are arteries?
This molecule, composed of a double helix structure, carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
What is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?
These are examples of simple sugars, the monomers of carbohydrates.
What are monosaccharides?
This organelle, found in animal cells, contains hydrolytic enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
What are lysosomes?
This process, carried out by certain immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, involves engulfing and digesting foreign particles, such as bacteria or cellular debris, to remove them from the body.
What is phagocytosis?
This iron-containing protein found in red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs for exhalation.
What is haemoglobin?
These are the basic units of heredity, composed of specific sequences of DNA that code for functional RNA or proteins.
What are genes?
This type of lipid is characterized by its amphipathic nature, containing a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, crucial for cell membrane structure.
What are phospholipids?
This intricate structure found in some prokaryotic cells enables them to exchange genetic material through a process called conjugation.
What is the pilus?
This type of immunity occurs when pre-formed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another, providing immediate but temporary protection against a specific pathogen.
What is passive immunity?
This valve, found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery in the mammalian heart, consists of three semilunar cusps and prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the ventricle during ventricular relaxation
What is the pulmonary valve?
These small RNA molecules are responsible for transferring specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, based on the codons on the mRNA.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
This level of protein structure involves interactions between amino acid residues nearby in the linear sequence, forming structures like α-helices and β-sheets.
What is secondary structure?
This stage of mitosis involves the condensation of chromatin into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breakdown.
What is prophase?
This specialized structure of plants facilitates the diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the plant and its environment.
What is stomata?
This vascular tissue in plants is responsible for transporting sugars, amino acids, and other organic molecules from the leaves to the rest of the plant, and it consists of sieve tube elements and companion cells
What is phloem?
This process, occurring in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, involves the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
This term describes the process where each newly synthesized DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
What is semi-conservative replication?
In this stage of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called.....
What is crossing-over?
In fish, gas exchange takes place across these highly vascularized structures, which are supported by bony or cartilaginous arches and allow for the diffusion of oxygen from water into the bloodstream.
What are fish gills?
This chamber of the mammalian heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it into the lungs for oxygenation.
What is the right ventricle?
These are non-coding regions of a gene that are transcribed into pre-mRNA but are removed during splicing.
What are introns?