Forces
This force pulls objects toward Earth and keeps us on the ground.
Gravity
If one person pushes a box right with 5 N and another pushes left with 5 N, the net force is ____ and the motion is described as ____.
0N, balanced
When you jump off a small boat onto a dock, the boat moves backward because of these equal-and-opposite force pairs.
Action and reaction force pairs
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy
Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, often shiny and malleable (like iron or copper). They are located on the LEFT side of the staircase.
Metals
This force opposes motion between two surfaces rubbing together (like shoes on a gym floor).
Friction
A box has a 10 N push to the right and a 4 N push to the left. The net force and direction are: _____.
6 N to the right
When a hammer hits a nail, the hammer pushes the nail in; the nail pushes back on the hammer. These two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction — this statement describes which law?
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Energy stored by position in a gravitational field (like a book on a shelf) is called this.
Gravitational potential energy
Elements that are poor conductors, often dull and brittle (examples: oxygen, sulfur). They are located on the RIGHT side of the staircase.
Nonmetals
This force acts at a distance using poles and attracts or repels certain metals.
Magentism
If three horizontal forces act on an object: 8 N right, 3 N left, and 2 N right, the net force equals ____.
7 N to the right
A swimmer pushes water backward and the water pushes the swimmer forward. Name the simultaneous force pair acting here
The swimmer’s push on the water and the water’s push on the swimmer
Energy stored when materials are stretched or compressed (like a drawn bow or stretched rubber band)
Elastic potential energy
Elements with properties in between metals and nonmetals (example: silicon). They make up the STAIRCASE
Metalloids
This is the contact force you apply when you push a shopping cart.
Applied force
A 12 N upward force and a 5 N downward force act on an object vertically. The net force and direction are: _____.
7 N upward
A skateboarder pushes the ground backward with their foot and the ground pushes the skateboarder forward. Explain why the skateboard accelerates/moves forward.
Because the ground’s reaction force (equal and opposite) pushes the skateboarder forward causing acceleration/movement
In a simple circuit powering a light bulb, chemical energy from the battery changes into this form of energy in the bulb.
Electrical→radiant (light)→thermal
Evidence of a chemical change may include bubbles forming, which indicates this was produced.
Gas
This upward contact force from a surface prevents objects from falling through.
Normal force
Describe whether the forces are balanced or unbalanced and predict motion: a toy car has 0 N net force while sitting on a floor.
Balanced — the toy car stays at rest
Two ice skaters push off each other. Skater A (mass 50 kg) and Skater B (mass 75 kg) experience equal and opposite forces. Explain which skater will have greater acceleration and why.
Skater A has greater acceleration because Skater B has more mass, so they will not move as far
A person lights a match and strikes it to start a small campfire. Describe the energy transformations.
Mechanical→Chemical→Thermal→Radiant (light)
Name two other signs (besides gas production) that a chemical change has likely occurred.
"City Girls Love Their Phones On Silent"
- UNEXPECTED Color change
- Gas
- Light production
- UNEXPECTED Temperature change
- Precipitate formation
- Odor production
- Sound production