Spain
Where is Spain located in relation to the rest of Europe? (use geography words)
- South west corner of Europe
- in the Iberian Peninsula
- closest to the Atlantic
What did the Catholic Monarchs believe was necessary to unite Spain?
One religion. Catholicism, obviously
How was a country's wealth measured?
By how much gold and silver they have.
What did Cortés say he was too good for in Hispaniola?
Farming:
He said he came for gold, “not till the soil like a peasant”
What does “reconquista” mean?
The “reconquest” of Spain by the Christians from the Muslims
Why was Spain easily conquered by the Muslims in the Middle Ages?
Because there was disunity and many internal conflicts. (Visigoths)
It is said that Al-Andalus was relatively tolerant of other religions. What does this mean?
People were mostly allowed to practice any religion they wanted. Positions of power were usually held by Muslims though.
Muslims and Jews that were expelled from Spain were not allowed to take...
Any currency (gold or silver)
What Spanish worldview motivated Cortés and many other Spaniards to take the risk to go to the Americas?
To find fame and fortune
(gold and glory)
If one is a missionary, what do they do?
They are sent to convert others to their religion (usually used in relation to Christianity)
What are three key aspects of the Spanish worldview that made them take risks to explore other lands?
- GOLD --gain gold/ sliver
- GOD --convert to Christianity
- GLORY --gain fame in conquests
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
A series of state-run courts run that tried to find anyone who was not Catholic in Spain and force them to convert, expel them or execute them.
What encouraged the Catholic Monarchs to send Columbus on a second voyage?
Columbus told them he found gold
Cortés is often said to be ruthless. Give an example that proves this.
-Cortés defied Velázquez’s orders and went on his expedition anyway
-He is responsible for the death of countless of indigenous people
-He burned/sunk/beached the ships used on his expedition so that the soldiers who accompanied him could not go back to Cuba
What are principalities?
Small areas often ruled by princes
What two important events in Spanish history were the Catholic Monarchs part of/ responsible for?
- The Spanish Inquisition
- Columbus' voyage to the "New World"
What is a caliphate?
An area ruled by a Muslim ruler.
Why was Cortés interested in leading an expedition to the Yucatan Peninsula?
He heard there was a rich and powerful group (the Aztec)
What is the main aim of the conquistadors formula?
To ensure that Spain took over a region, peacefully if possible but violently if necessary.
When did the Reconquista end?
$100 BONUS: What was the name of last caliphate to be conquered?
1492
+ Grenada
How did economic factors from the Spanish Inquisition lead to a push for exploration?
During the Inquisition, Spain lost much of its educated middle class, which caused a desire to seek wealth beyond the country.
Were the Catholic Monarchs successful in the spread of their religion? Give evidence.
Yes, they were very successful. Catholicism is still the dominant religion in every former Spanish colony (Mexico, all of South America, the Philippines.)
What fighting style did the Spanish use that was so successful in the Americas.
They used tight formations of soldiers with the same weapons
How was Cortés mutinous?
He left on an expedition to the mainland even after he was told not to by the governor.
The reconquista spread in what direction in the Iberian Peninsula?
From North to South.