Science of Biology
An atom contains 80 protons, 80 electrons, and 82 neutrons. What is its atomic number?
80
The polarity of water molecules enables them to form __________ with each other.
hydrogen bonds
Name the type of bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons
covalent bond
Amino acids are monomers that link together to form what macromolecule?
Protein
Cell membranes are primarily composed of molecules called _______.
phospholipids
In the science lab, the variable that is controlled and manipulated by the experimenter is called the _____ variable.
independent
Cohesion and adhesion are two properties of water. They are created by what type of bonds?
hydrogen bonds
monosaccharides (simple sugars) are the building blocks of what macromolecule?
carbohydrates
ATP is created by which organelle?
mitochondria
the movement of water across a membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
osmosis
Structures that evolved from a common ancestor but have different functions are known as _____ structures.
homologous
Which type of macromolecule is nonpolar and does not dissolve in water?
lipids
this term represents the sum of an atom's protons and neutrons
atomic mass
The organelle found in eukaryotes that stores chromosomes
nucleus
this lipid molecule is essential to cell membrane fluidity and steroid hormone synthesis
cholesterol
This type of reasoning uses specific observations to develop general conclusions.
Inductive reasoning
a chemical compound capable of absorbing hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-) in order to stabilize the pH of a solution
buffer
Two atoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. They are ______.
isotopes
Proteins are synthesized by which organelle?
ribosomes
type of active transport referred to as "cell eating"
phagocytosis
Structures with similar functions but different evolutionary origins are known as _____ structures.
analogous
the type of chemical reaction in which water is added to split a molecule into two smaller molecules
hydrolysis
the type of chemical reaction in which two molecules form a covalent bond together and water is removed
dehydration synthesis
Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin fibers compose which part of the cell?
cytoskeleton
What is required for the sodium/potassium pump to move Na+ ions into and K+ ions out of the cell?
ATP (energy)
This type of reasoning uses general principles to make specific predictions.
Deductive reasoning
If the pH of a solution increases from 3 to 5, what happens to the concentration of H+ ions in the solution?
decreases (by a factor of 100)
Nucleic acids
This organelle digests cellular waste and recycles materials
lysosome
An experimental cell is placed in an unknown solution and water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink. What type of solution was the cell placed in?
a hypertonic solution