Religious Movements
Who was the Yale president whom God used to bring revival?
Timothy Dwight
Francis Lowell’s centralized factory town used (was known as) what system?
Waltham System
What evangelist’s revival meetings were known for prayer preparation?
Charles Finney
What invention made rapid long-distance communication possible?
Telegraph
Who went to Mexico for permission to settle Texas?
Stephen Austin
What was the outcome of the Battle of San Jacinto?
Texas won independence
Who captured New Mexico with almost no resistance?
Stephen Kearny
Who were “Old Rough and Ready” and “Old Fuss and Feathers”?
Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott
The largest organized migration in U.S. history?
Mormon migration
What was (arguably) Eli Whitney’s greatest invention?
Interchangeable parts
What did Finney emphasize before every revival?
Prayer and spiritual preparation
Who invented interchangeable parts and the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
Who was President of Mexico during the Texas Revolution?
Santa Anna
How long did Texas remain independent before statehood?
Nine years
Who led the Bear Flag Revolt in California?
John C. Frémont
What nickname was given to northern Democrats who supported slavery?
Doughfaces
What short-lived political party advocated immediate abolition of slavery?
Liberty Party
Who invented the telegraph in 1837?
Samuel Morse
What theological school did Dwight lead?
Yale
What invention helped harvest grain more efficiently?
Mechanical reaper
Where did the first battle of the Texas Revolution occur?
Gonzales—“Come and take it.”
What type of government did Texas form after independence?
A republic
What was Polk’s campaign slogan in 1845?
“All of Oregon, all of Texas!”
Who captured Veracruz and Mexico City during the Mexican War?
Winfield Scott
What procedural motion automatically tabled anti-slavery petitions in the House in 1836?
Gag rule
What system was the artisan production system built around?
Apprenticeship
What did revivalists like Finney and Dwight stress as key to transformation?
Personal repentance and national moral reform
What transportation innovation revolutionized trade and travel?
Steamboat
Where did Texans make their famous last stand?
The Alamo
Who led the Republic of Texas as its first president?
Sam Houston
What did the Bear Flag Revolt accomplish?
California declared independence from Mexico
What was the term for local control of slavery in new territories?
Popular sovereignty
What ruling declared that the domination of a master over a slave was complete?
State vs. Mann (North Carolina Supreme Court)
Who created the reaper, and who improved the steamboat?
Cyrus McCormick (reaper), Robert Fulton (steamboat)
What 19th-century movement emphasized moral reform through education, abolitionism, and temperance?
Second Great Awakening
List three inventions and inventors from the early 1800s.
Telegraph–Morse, Reaper–McCormick, Cotton Gin–Whitney, Steamboat–Fulton
Who defeated the Mexican army at San Jacinto?
Sam Houston
What slogan symbolized the Texans’ resistance at Gonzales?
“Come and take it!”
How did John Sutter embody Manifest Destiny?
Owned 50,000 acres, stewarded and developed land, helped settle the West
What 1850 law required escaped slaves to be returned to their owners?
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
Contrast the educational philosophies of Horace Mann and William McGuffey, and give a biblical rationale for which was more effective.
Mann—public education for social reform (head knowledge).
McGuffey—moral and biblical truth (heart and head).
Biblical rationale: Proverbs 22:6—train up a child to follow truth in knowledge and action.
Explain how John Sutter embodied both Manifest Destiny and the American Dream.
Manifest Destiny: Acquired 50,000 acres in California, stewarded and developed western land.
American Dream: Immigrant seeking opportunity, became successful, created opportunities for others.
Explain the type of incarceration used at Pennsylvania's Eastern State Penitentiary AND its purpose.
Separate incarceration rather than corporate cells to reform individuals through isolation and reflection