ISLAMIC & MIDDLE EASTERN EMPIRES
This dynasty is significant because it established Shi’ite Islam as the state religion in Iran and challenged the Ottoman Empire.
Safavid dynasty
This English ruler became king by defeating the reigning monarch in battle.
William the Conqueror
This devastating European conflict was fought mostly in Germany and redrew Europe’s religious and political map.
Thirty Years’ War
Explain the beliefs of abolitionists.
Slavery should be eliiminated
These Protestant reformers rejected elaborate rituals and followed Calvinist theology.
Puritans
These elite Ottoman soldiers were originally Christians forced into military service.
Janissaries
Known as England’s first great king, he revived law, religion, and learning.
Alfred the Great
Name two facts about Lord Charles Cornwallis
British general surrendered to George Washington at Yorktown and later served as governor-general of India and Ireland.
What were cabildos?
municipal councils that governed Spanish colonial towns under royal supervision
This Japanese policy outlawed Christianity and restricted foreign contact.
Seclusion Edicts
The largest group of diaspora Jews living in central Europe.
Ashkenazi Jews
This French king ruled by absolutism and declared, “I am the state.”
Louis XIV
This war in North America was also known as the French and Indian War.
Seven Years’ War
Name the British company that expanded the cultivation of opium in India and sold it to private merchants, who smuggled it into China.
This led to the ______________.
East India Company; Opium Wars
These edicts banned Christian texts and limited European influence in Japan.
Seclusion Edicts
This process blends elements from different cultures, such as pagan practices into Christianity.
syncretism
This Spanish king considered himself a defender of Catholicism and sent the Spanish Armada against England
Philip II of Spain
This war helped turn George Washington into a military leader and eventually led to American independence.
Seven Years’ War
This famine killed one-third of Bengal’s (Indian) population and was worsened by tax demands.
Bengal famine of 1769
This belief system enforced “One King, One Law, One Faith.”
Absolutism
This was the dominant economic theory of Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, requiring colonies to trade only with the mother country. Name it AND define it.
mercantilism - required colonies to trade only with the mother country.
This ruler westernized Russia and built a new capital called St. Petersburg.
Peter the Great
Define the Triangular Trade.
This system of global exchange connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
__________ was a powerful tsar of the __________ Dynasty, who made great strides to westernize the nation of __________. He built a new capital, __________, which he wanted to serve as a “window to the West.”
Peter the Great; Romanov; Russia; St. Petersburg
This ruler used bureaucracy and Catholic enforcement to maintain control.
Louis XIV
Define triangular trade and explain its global social, economic, and political impact.
a global system of forced labor, exploitation, and colonial expansion
Social - slavery increased
Economic - mercantilism (control by powerful mother countries)
Political - wars over colonial control; racial hierarchies
Describe absolutism and explain how Louis XIV practiced it.
unlimited rule by one monarch
One king (Louis XIV), one law (bureaucracy under himself), one faith (Catholicism)
Define the Seven Years’ War and explain why it was globally significant.
A global conflict that shaped American independence and British power - Gave Britain control of nearly all of North America. Made George Washington into a skillful leader.
Explain the situation in Bengal during the famine of 1769 and compare it to Spanish actions in Peru.
British exploitation by the East India Company (Bengal famine), contrasted with Spanish religious conquest (Potosi Silver Mines)
Explain why Japan issued the Seclusion Edicts and name two specific laws.
isolation to preserve culture and authority
Exiled Christians, no Bibles or Christian literature, limited contact w/ Europeans