EME/Modern English
This 18th-century lexicographer published one of the first comprehensive dictionaries of English, helping to standardize spelling and usage
Samuel Johnson
A shift in pronunciation from /g/ to /dʒ / is an example of this phenomena.
Palatalization
The meaning of the latin term "castra", appearing in several English place names as a result of Roman rule
"Camp"
Old English had a complex system of noun declensions, similar to Latin or German. Modern English largely abandoned this system, but one surviving relic is found in the use of this suffix to indicate possession
-'s (the genitive case)
The decline of French as a dominant language in England was accelerated by this 14th-century event, which disproportionately affected lower-class English speakers and eliminated many teachers of Latin and French
The Black Death
The second person singular verb ending, usage of which declined over time
The "st" ending
In some dialects of English, such as Cockney and Estuary English, "butter" is pronounced more like "bu'uh." What is this phenomenon called?
Glottalization (or glottal stopping)
The English village Shelton was alternatively referred to as Skelton as a result of the influence of this language
Old Norse
The name of the letter representing the sound [θ] in Old English
ð (eth)
This invention was hugely important in standardizing the English language
The printing press
The following passage is from which period of Early Modern English (early or later):
Let me not dye in languor and long teares.
Why Dame (quoth he) what hath ye thus dismayd?
What frayes ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayd
Early (1596)
According to Verner's law, under this condition voiceless fricatives become voiced
Following an unstressed syllable
While the influence of this language group on the development of English is often more difficult to identify than French or Latin, certain place names such as Danube and Rhine are believed to derive from them.
What are Celtic languages?
This Old English word, "hūs," evolved into this modern English word
House
Conjugation of the adjective "hiegh":
Where that ther kneled in the ____ weye,
(Where there kneeled in the high way)
Hieghe
Early Modern English spelling was not yet standardized. This was one of the most common spellings of "show" in Shakespearean English.
Shew
The Old Germanic form of the (reconstructed) proto Indo-European word "leb"
Lep
I-Umlaut, the phenomena in which a back or central vowel was fronted before an i or j in the following syllable was a result of the influence of this language
What is Latin
This Old English dialect, spoken in Wessex, became the dominant written form of the language before the Norman Conquest
West Saxon
In Middle English consonant changes, the loss of final consonant –n and -ʧ occurred after this
An unstressed vowel
In Early Modern English, the subject-verb order in questions was often different. How would an Early Modern English speaker phrase "Do you know this man?"
Know you this man?
The Late Middle English pronunciation of blood, its Early Modern pronunciation (blu:d) resulting from the Great Vowel Shift.
"blo:d:"
Following the Norman Conquest, the simultaneous co-existence of French and English usage in accordance to social context is an example of this phenomena
What is diglossia?
A context in which the voiceless fricative [s] would be used to represent the letter s in Old English.
Word initial/word final position, when next to a voiceless sound, when two of the same letter appeared next to each other (doubling)
The three singular third person accusative pronouns in Middle English
His, hir, hit