Antifungals
More double bonds in polyene antifungals have what effect on the toxicity of the drug?
What is decrease
What is polar
What is prevents degredation
The role of tromethamine in the combination with fosfomycin has this effect.
What is increase pH to prevent acid degradation of fosfomycin
This is the first-line treatment for males with a urinary tract infection with a risk of STD
What is cetriaxone (or cefixime) plus doxycycline (or azithromycin)
Imidazole antifungals are typically formulated into what type of drug?
What is topical
The Mechanism of Quinines includes the build-up of this which typically parasites convert to a nontoxic form
What is Heme (or hematin)
The NS3/4A drugs bind to this site on the protease enzyme
what is s2 subsite
The half-life of Macrodantin is decreased because the formulation only includes the microcrystals which have this effect.
what is instant release
This(ese) are the first-line treatment(s) for uncomplicated malaria
artemeter and lumefantrine (coartem)
atovaquone and proguanil (malarone)
Quinine and doxycycline (or clindamycin or tetracyline)
Amphotericin B is highly toxic, but formulating it into this form will decrease these effects like nephrotoxicity
What is liposomal amphotericin
This functional group on the artemisinins is responsible for their activity. (Draw it)
What is endoperoxide
The p1-p3 NS3/4A drugs are *blank* susceptible to resistance because of this propriety. (2 part answer)
The half-life of macrobid is greater because it is the combination of these two formulations.
What are the macrocrystals and the monohydrate complex
This is the treatment for mild-moderate babesiosis
What is azithromycin and atovaquone
Azole antifungals typically cause a lot of drug-drug interactions due to inhibition of this
What are CYP450 enzymes
The CF3 group on mefloquine has this effect on the drug when compared to quinine
What is decreased metabolism, and increase half life.
The p2-p4 are *blank* susceptible to resistance due to this property.
What is more; rigid constriction of the p2 site
Fosfomycin activity will *blank* if the pH of the urine is low
This is the preferred treatment in a patient with oral thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis)
What is clotrimazole troches or miconazole topical
Efinaconazole has an advantage for the treatment of onychomycosis over terbinafine and griseofulvin due to this property
What is that efinaconazole penetrates the nail when applied topically, while the other options are system therapy
The role of piperonyl butoxide in the formulation with permethrins has this effect.
What is decreased resistance due to the inhibition of the CYP enzyme inside the parasite that metabolizes the drug.
Non-nucleoside NS5B drugs have this advantage over nucleoside NS5B drugs
What is they are already active
Methenamine activity will *blank* in the presence of a low urine pH
What is increase
This is the first-line treatment for a treatment-naive patient with no cirrhosis
What is Mavyret (or Epclusa)