Dead White Guys & Gals
Who is the best example of an absolute monarch from this time period?
Louis XIV
What was the ruling dynasty of France during this time period?
Bourbon
Who invaded Silesia and Saxony in an attempt to expand the Prussian kingdom?
Frederick the Great
What is an absolute monarch?
Rulers who held all power within the borders of their countries
How did European monarchs gain and maintain absolute power?
With wealth from their colonies and a bureaucracy to collect taxes, monarchs had the money to build large standing armies to exercise control. The Church also backed the idea of divine right.
Which czar did the most to modernize Russia?
Peter the Great
What is the lawmaking body of England?
Parliament
Who dissolved [got rid of] Parliament in 1629, after he ignored their Petition of Right?
Charles I
What is the idea that God created the monarchy and gave kings and queens the power to rule?
divine right
Why could the 1600's be considered the Golden Age of the Netherlands?
The Dutch developed a global trading empire and supplanted [replaced] the Italians as the bankers of Europe. They also made great achievements in the arts and sciences during this time.
Who defended the Hapsburg empire from the aggression of the Prussians?
Maria Theresa
Which Protestants were a minority religious group in France?
the Huguenots
The Edict of Nantes was issued by Henry IV to extend religious toleration to Protestants in France. Who revoked [took away] the Edict of Nantes?
Louis XIV
Jean-Baptiste Colbert had the goal of making France self-sufficient by using this economic philosophy
mercantilism
Describe Peter the Great's program of westernization.
Peter I modernized Russia, expanding it into an empire. He passed heavy taxes to improve the military, brought the Church under state control, created a new port city, introduced potatoes, improved science and education, etc.
This absolute monarch ruled England during its Renaissance, defeated the Spanish Armada, formalized the Anglican Church, and began colonization in the Americas. However, she left her successor with a huge debt when she died in 1603.
Elizabeth I
What is the palace complex of Louis XIV that was built outside Paris?
Versailles
What royal dynasty would turn Prussia into a military state?
Hohenzollern
Latin for the "Great Charter," this was the first effort of the English to limit their monarchs.
Magna Carta
The final stage in England's transition into a constitutional monarchy was the Glorious Revolution. Explain this event.
James II was violating English law by promoting Catholicism, so Parliament invited William of Orange and Mary to overthrow him. They took the throne in a bloodless revolution, declaring that they would rule in partnership with Parliament and accept the English Bill of Rights.
Who restored the monarchy in England after the end of the Puritans' commonwealth?
Charles II
This was a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War. It brought an end to religious warfare in Europe.
the Peace of Westphalia
This conflict started in 1618, when Protestants in Bohemia revolted against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor. Eventually most of Europe was drawn into the war. It resulted in millions of deaths, the rise of France, and the decline of Spain.
the Thirty Years' War
What is the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain? This philosophy first emerged in France, where thinkers questioned the violence of the wars of religion.
skepticism
What were the causes and effects of the English Civil War?
The main cause of this conflict was a fight over who would have more power--monarchs or Parliament. Another cause of this war was religion; England had gone back & forth between Protestant and Catholic rulers. Effects: the Petition of Right established the idea that the law was higher than the king. The Cavaliers were defeated, and Charles I was executed. Oliver Cromwell took over.