Cardiac Review
The first waveform, the P wave, begins here.
What is the sinoatrial node?
This condition occurs as a result of sustained ischemia, causing irreversible myocardial cell death.
What is myocardial infarction (MI)?
This is the former term for heart failure.
What is congestive heart failure?
This condition is an atrial tachydysrhythmia identified by recurring, regular, sawtooth-shaped flutter waves that originate from a single ectopic focus in the right atrium.
What is atrial flutter?
This is a graphic tracing of the electrical impulses produced in the heart.
What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
This chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.
What is the left ventricle?
Chest pain that is new in onset, occurs at rest, or has a worsening pattern.
What is unstable angina (UA)?
Clients with a heart transplant are at risk for these complications in the first year after transplantation. (Select all that apply.)
a) Cancer b) Infection c) Rejection d) Vasculopathy
e)Sudden cardiac death
What is infection, rejection and sudden cardiac death?
This rhythm is characterized by a total disorganization of atrial electrical activity caused by multiple ectopic foci, resulting in loss of effective atrial contraction
What is atrial fibrillation?
This is a device that records the ECG while the patient is ambulatory.
What is a Holter monitor?
The "lub-dub" sounds of the heartbeat are caused by the closing of these valves.
What are the atrioventricular and semilunar valves?
A non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
What are NSTEMI and STEMI?
These are the two main risk factors for HF.
What are hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD)?
This condition is a severe derangement of the heart rhythm, characterized by irregular undulations of varying shapes and amplitude on the ECG.
What is ventricular fibrillation?
This is how many leads may be used when a patient’s ECG is being continuously monitored.
What is 1 to12 ECG leads?
Name two classic signs/symptoms of left-sided heart failure.
What are pulmonary edema and shortness of breath (dyspnea)?
Clinical Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction
What are chest pain, diaphoresis, SOB, fatigue, elevated BP and HR, nausea, vomiting and fever?
This term describes an increase in the muscle mass and cardiac wall thickness in response to overwork and strain.
What is ventricular hypertrophy?
This rhythm is a contraction originating in an ectopic focus in the ventricles.
What is a premature ventricular contraction (PVC)?
This rhythm originates in the SA node and follows the normal conduction pattern of the cardiac cycle.
What is a normal sinus rhythm?
This segment on an ECG represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization, and elevation of this segment can indicate myocardial infarction.
What is the ST segment?
Most patients with sudden cardiac death (SCD) have this rhythm.
What is a lethal ventricular dysrhythmia?
This medication is used in the management of a client with acute pulmonary edema to decrease both preload and afterload and provide relief of anxiety.
a) Morphine b) Amiodarone c) Dobutamine d) Aminophylline
What is morphine?
This condition represents the total absence of ventricular electrical activity.
What is asystole?
The main pacemaker of the heart and this spontaneously discharges 60 to 100 times per minute.
What is the SA node?