Key Terms & Concepts
What does livability mean?
How suitable a place is for people to live in.
Which continent has the most megacities?
Asia
What is one environmental consequence of rapid urbanisation in megacities?
Air pollution, water pollution, or waste management issues.
What does good urban planning mean?
Planning that balances housing, transport, environment, and services to improve livability.
What does biodiversity mean?
The variety of living species in an environment.
What is the definition of urban planning?
Designing and organising how land in towns and cities is used.
What is a push factor for migration? (Give one example.)
Something that drives people away from a place, e.g. lack of jobs, war, natural disaster.
What is one social issue linked to rapid urbanisation in megacities?
Overcrowding, housing shortages, or growth of informal settlements.
What are urban concentrations?
Areas where large numbers of people and activities are grouped together.
What does conservation mean?
Protecting natural resources and the environment.
What is internal migration?
People moving from one part of a country to another.
What is a pull factor for migration? (Give one example.)
Something that attracts people to a new place, e.g. better education, jobs, or healthcare.
What is one economic challenge faced by megacities?
Income inequality, job insecurity, or high cost of living.
What is irrigation and why is it important?
Supplying water to crops, vital for food production.
What does sustainability mean?
Meeting current needs without compromising future generations.
What is one positive impact of urbanisation?
Greater access to services and job opportunities.
What was the goal of Indonesia’s transmigration program?
To reduce population pressure on Java by moving people to less populated islands.
How can poor waste management affect the livability of a megacity?
It reduces hygiene, pollutes water and air, and spreads disease.
What is the main purpose of urban planning?
To design and organise cities for safety, efficiency, and livability.
What is the Wheatbelt in Australia known for?
Large-scale grain/wheat and cereal farming.
What does brain drain refer to?
Skilled workers leaving one place to live and work in another.
What was a major problems caused by Indonesia’s transmigration program?
Environmental damage, conflict with Indigenous communities, and high costs.
How do slums or informal housing (Kumpang) connect to urbanisation.
How can effective urban planning stop or control urban sprawl?
By using zoning, high-density housing, public transport, and green space protection to keep cities compact.
What does productivity in farming refer to?
The amount of crops or food produced per unit of land.