Semantics
How do older children define words compared to younger children?
Younger children define words by personal experience, where as older children begin to categorize and identify more global features. They use the Aristotelian approach.
How do you calculate MLU in morphemes?
# of Morphemes / # of utterances
What are the 5 components of Language?
Phonology
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
Pragmatics
What causes for syntax to increase?
Subordinate clauses
Coordinating conjunctions
Passive voice
Post-modification of nonfinite verbs
Slow mapping
The gradual process of learning a new word by repeated encounters and usage
How do we measure lexical density?
Type-Token Ratio
# of total words divided by # of unique words
How do you calculate PCO
# of correct occurrences / # of obligatory occurrences
What are the 3 domains of language
Use
Function
Form
How do we measure subordination in a language sample?
Subordination ratio
# utterances / #of clauses
copula
When the verb, "to be" is used to modify a adjective.
We are scared.
What is fast mapping?
It is a word learning strategy that enables very young children to infer a connection between a word and its referent after only one exposure.
What is the difference between inflectional morphemes vs. derivational morphemes.
Inflectional Morphemes- have a traceable arch of developmental acquisition, give additional information, are limited (8)
Derivational Morphemes- continue to develop, numerous, no clear arch of developmental acquisition, changes the function/meaning of the word.
How many words do children learn per day
2-8
When a dependent clause is placed directly found inside a main clause, we will say that it is_______
Embedded
What is morphophemic alteration?
The speech sound change that occurs when the shape of the base morpheme, and thus its pronunciation, is changed by the addition of inflectional or derivational morphemes.
Freedom, Isolation, Gratuity are examples of what type of word?
Abstract nouns
True or False
Derivational morphemes can be mastered by the time a student graduates from High School.
False
What grade do children begin to use the dictionary?
2nd Grade
________ growth occurs at the level of the individual sentence, and refers to the development of sentence features such as subordination, noun phrase elaboration, and verb phrase elaboration
Intrasential
What does it mean when a word has a double function?
It has 2 different meanings; physical and psychological
When encountering the Literate Lexicon in schools, what are the 3 ways in which older children acquire new words?
Direct instruction, contextual abstraction, and morphological
What are the 8 Inflectional morphemes in the English language?
Plural -s, Possessive -'s, Third person -s
Present Progressive -ing, Past tense -ed
Irregular past tense -en
Comparative -er Superlative -est
True or False
Can a 5 year old tell simple narratives and have a MLU greater than 6 words?
True
What skills learned in school aide syntactic development?
Reading and writing
What is the Literate Lexicon?
The decontextualized and unfamiliar advanced vocabulary children are exposed to upon entering school through books (literacy).