Immigration
A law passed in 1882 that prohibited most Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States?
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
The name for an organized group that controlled local politics by exchanging favors for support?
What is a political machine?
An organization of workers formed to protect and improve their wages, working conditions, and rights.
What is a labor union?
The main goal of the Progressive Movement?
What is addressing problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, corruption, and social inequality through reform.
Founded Hull House in Chicago with Ellen Gates Starr?
Who is Jane Addams?
Progressive president that was nicknamed the 'Trust Buster'?
Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
A term that describes prejudice or hostility toward immigrants by native-born Americans?
What is Nativism?
The infamous political boss associated with Tammany Hall in New York City?
Who was William 'Boss' Tweed?
What does AFL stand for?
American Federation of Labor
Investigative journalists who exposed corruption and social problems called?
What are Muckrakers?
The main purpose of settlement houses such as Hull House.
To provide education, childcare, and social services to immigrants and the urban poor.
When a single company or business controls an entire or nearly entire market, limiting competition.
What is a monopoly?
The 1907 agreement between the United States and Japan restricted Japanese labor immigration?
What is the Gentlemen's Agreement?
Name two services political machines commonly provided to immigrants or poor city residents.
Jobs, food, housing assistance, emergency aid, or other social services.
When workers negotiate with employers as a group, often through union representatives, over wages, hours, and working conditions.
What is collective bargaining?
The muckraker that wrote The Jungle, exposing conditions in the meatpacking industry?
Who is Upton Sinclair?
The movement taught that religious beliefs should inspire people to address poverty and other social problems.
What was the Social Gospel Movement?
This federal law was used to challenge monopolies and trusts that restrained trade.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
One major similarity between the experiences of Asian immigrants and new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe?
Both experienced nativism, discrimination, and prejudice.
Why did political machines provide jobs, housing, and emergency assistance to residents?
To gain votes, political loyalty, and continued control over local government.
Why did the American Federation of Labor primarily organize skilled workers rather than unskilled workers?
It was a federation of craft unions focused on skilled trades, whose members could use specialized skills to strengthen bargaining power.
How did The Jungle influence federal government action?
It helped generate public support for the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and stronger food safety regulation.
Donating wealth or resources to help others and the wealthy industrialist promoted it through his Gospel of Wealth?
What is philanthropy? And who is Andrew Carnegie?
Why did Theodore Roosevelt distinguish between 'good trusts' and 'bad trusts'?
He believed some large businesses could operate efficiently, but trusts that harmed the public or unfairly restricted competition needed regulation.
Why did Chinese immigrants often face a more difficult admission process at Angel Island than many European immigrants at Ellis Island?
Chinese exclusion policies and stricter scrutiny led to lengthy questioning, detention, and greater difficulty gaining admission.
How could political machines both help immigrant communities and harm city governments?
They helped residents obtain services and employment but also encouraged corruption, bribery, patronage, and misuse of public funds.
During the Pullman Strike of 1894, what action did President Grover Cleveland take, and what was the result?
He sent federal troops to intervene, helping bring the strike to an end and weakening the union's effort.
Why did reformers oppose child labor, and what changes did they advocate?
They believed factory labor harmed children's health, safety, and education. They supported restrictions on child labor and greater educational opportunities.
The idea that “survival of the fittest” could be applied to society and economic competition.
What is Social Darwinism?
How did Progressive presidents expand the federal government's role in regulating businesses? Give two examples.
They enforced antitrust laws against harmful monopolies and strengthened consumer protections, including meat inspection and food safety regulations.