Chemistry & Carbon
A compound made of primarily carbon atoms making up living things.
What is an organic compound?
What is the ratio of CHO in a carbohydrate?
1:2:1
An organic compound made mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What is a protein?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are the monomers of lipids?
2 examples of Nucleic Acids
What are DNA and RNA?
The starting materials and what is made during the reaction.
What are the reaction and products?
The substance that does the dissolving...
What is the solvent?
Water molecules are held together by what type of bonds?
What are hydrogen bonds?
The positively charged subatomic particle
What is a proton?
The name for a simple sugar, like glucose or galactose?
What is a monosaccharide?
List some functions of proteins.
antibodies, enzymes, build and repair muscle
What are some functions of lipids?
Insulation, Protection, Long term energy, energy storage, cell membranes, hormones, waterproof coverings.
Nucleic Acids are made of thousands of monomers called this.
What is nucleotide?
What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction?
Endothermic reactions absorb more energy than they release. Exothermic reactions release more energy than they absorb.
What is a suspension? Give an example of a suspension.
A mixture that will settle out into its components if left out over time. Blood is an example of a suspension.
The ability of water to absorb large amounts of heat and not change temperature very much is called...
What is high heat capacity?
Monomers bonded to each other.
What is a polymer?
List the 3 storage polysaccharides.
Monomers that link to form proteins.
What are amino acids?
Give some examples of lipids.
fats, oils, waxes, steroids, butter, olive oil
Which is the function of Nucleic Acids?
To store and carry genetic information.
What is the difference between a catalyst and an enzyme?
An enzyme is a type of catalyst that speeds up reactions in living things.
Two or more substances physically but not chemically combined.
What is a mixture?
A property of water that explains how water molecules can stick to each other
What is Cohesion?
In this type of reaction, water is used to break down a polymer.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Describe the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Bond formed between 2 amino acids
What is a peptide bond?
This type of lipid has three fatty acid tails.
What is a triglyceride?
Describe the molecular structure of a nucleotide.
Sugar molecule attached to a phosphate group and also attached to a base.
Explain how an enzyme works (include the terms substrate, bonds, active site, products and reusable).
An enzyme works by binding the substrates at the active site and weakening the bonds therefore allowing the reaction to occur faster to produce the products. Once the products are made, the enzyme does not get used up and can be reused.
Scale used to measure acids and bases. Describe the range and where acids and bases fall on this scale.
The pH scale measures acids and bases. It runs from 1-14 with acids being from 1-6.9 and bases being from 7.1 - 14. Seven is neutral.
property is responsible for capillary action
What is adhesion/cohesion?
An atom is the smallest unit of matter. An element is a substance made up of one type of atom. A compound is two or more atoms bonded together.
What is the difference between an atom, an element and a compound?
Plants make this polysaccharide.
What is cellulose?
Describe the structure of an amino acid.
Center Carbon attached to a hydrogen, amine group, carboxyl group and R group which is specific to each amino acid.
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?
Saturated fats have all single bonds and are solids at room temperature. Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond and are liquids at room temperature.
Are nucleic acids polymers? Explain how you know this.
Yes because they are large molecules made up of smaller repeating units.
What 2 things affect enzymes and how do they affect them?
Temperature and pH affect enzymes. If temperature and pH are not at the right conditions, the enzyme will get denatured which means it will change shape and the substrates will no longer recognize the enzyme.
Water is the universal solvent. Why is this important to living organisms?
Water dissolves many different substances in the body and allows for chemical reactions to take place in the living things.
Water is a polar molecule. Describe what makes it a polar molecule.
One part of the molecule has a slight positive charge (hydrogen side) and one part has a slight negative charge (oxygen side).