Absolutionism
What is the absolute rule?
monarchs held total control over government and society.
This Polish astronomer kicked off the revolution by proposing the heliocentric model, which placed the sun at the center of the universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus
This English philosopher believed people have natural rights to "Life, Liberty, and Property".
John Locke
This group made up roughly 97% of the population and paid nearly all of the taxes under the Ancien Régime.
Third Estate
This is the only planet in our solar system that rotates clockwise on its axis.
Venus
How did King Louis XIV increase power, wealth, and land?
Costly Wars
Though he didn't invent it, this Italian scientist significantly improved the telescope to observe Jupiter's moons and the phases of Venus.
Galileo Galilei
Famous for his wit and criticism of the Church, he once said, "I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
Voltaire.
This machine, nicknamed "The National Razor," was the preferred method of execution during the revolution.
guillotine
This organ is the human body’s largest, weighing roughly eight pounds on average.
the skin
How did monarchs modernize their rule?
Enlightenment Ideas.
This German mathematician discovered that planets do not move in perfect circles, but rather in elliptical orbits.
Johannes Kepler
This Swiss-born philosopher wrote The Social Contract and argued that government should follow the "General Will" of the people.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
As the leader of the Committee of Public Safety, he was the chief architect behind the Reign of Terror.
Maximilien Robespierre
While most people think it's a vegetable, this food was originally sold as a medicine in the 1830s to treat indigestion.
ketchup
Bankrupt Government
Who is before the revolution, most Europeans followed the geocentric theory developed by this ancient Greek astronomer.
Ptolemy
Thomas Jefferson heavily borrowed from John Locke when he wrote this founding document in 1776.
Declaration of Independence
This set of laws, established by Napoleon, eliminated many feudal privileges and spread revolutionary ideals across Europe.
Napoleonic Code
In the 18th century, many people died after eating this fruit, not because of the fruit itself, but because lead from their pewter plates leached into it.
Tomato
What is divine right?
This Danish nobleman spent decades meticulously recording planetary positions without a telescope, providing the data that Kepler later used.
Tycho Brahe
This American polymath and Founding Father was a world-renowned scientist and a leading figure of the Enlightenment in the colonies.
Benjamin Franklin
This period, lasting from 1793 to 1794, saw the execution of thousands of people labeled "enemies of the revolution.
Reign of Terror?
This streaming service completed a massive $8 billion sale to Skydance Media in late 2025.
Paramount