Ukraine
What year did Ukraine become independent?
1991
When did Azerbaidjan become independent?
1991
What year did India and Pakistan gain independence?
1947
Who invaded Afghanistan in 1979?
The Soviet Union
What is decolonisation?
When countries gain independence from empires
What was the Holodomor?
A famine (1932-33) in which millions died due to Soviet policies
What is Nagorno-Karabakh?
A disputed region inside Azerbaijan with mostly Armenian population
What was Partition?
The division of British India into India and Pakistan
Who were the Mujahideen?
Fighters resisting Soviet forces
What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991?
It collapsed
What disaster in 1986 reduced trust in the Soviet governmnet?
Chernobyl Nuclear disaster
Name one challenge Azerbaijan faced after independence
Economic problems / political instability / conflict
Name one cause of Partition
Religious tensions between Hindus and Muslims
What is the Taliban?
A strict Islamist terrorist group that took control of Afghanistan
What is one common challenge after independence?
Conflict / instability / economic problems
Give one reason why Ukrainians wanted independence
Economic problems / repression / lack of freedom / Chernobyl
Why did conflict occur over Nagorno-Karabakh?
Ethnic differences (Armenians vs Azerbaijanis) and territorial claims
Name one consequence of Partition
Mass migration / violence / deaths
What happened on September 11, 2001?
Terrorist attacks using hijacked planes in the USA
What role did religion or ethnicity play in conflicts?
It caused divisions and conflict between groups
Conflict with Russia / political and economic challenges
Explain one consequence of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
War / displacement of people / ongoing tension
Explain why Partition led to violence
Religious divisions + rushed borders caused conflict between groups
Explain how the Soviet invasion led to the War on Terror
Soviet invasion → Mujahideen → instability → Taliban → Al-Qaeda → 9/11 → War
What pattern / theme / historical trend is seen across all the countries we have looked at?
Empire → Independence → Conflict