test questions 1
Why did the United States and the Soviet Union become political rivals after World War II?
>Ideological differences: capitalism vs communism, democracy vs totalitarianism
>Soviet Union lied about holding free and fair elections in eastern europe
>Truman Doctrine
>Nuclear Weapons
>Cuban Missile Crisis
>Proxy Wars: Korea, Vietnam, Chinese Civil War
How did India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh become independent countries? Pg. 461
> World Wars created disillusionment with western superiority
>Indian National Congress pushed for independence in exchange for supporting WWII effort
>Indian and Pakistan partitioned over religious and political difference
>East Pakistan became Bangladesh after a civil war with India's help.
How and why did the Soviet Union fall?
> collective farming failed to produce enougth food
>Oil prices dropped in the 1980s reducing revenue
>Soviet industries could not compete in exporting manufactured goods to other countries
>Soviets wasted allot of money they didn't have on the arms race and the Soviet Afghan war
>Gorbochev's reforms failed to hold the soviet union together led to independence for many nations and the fall of the soviet government.
What was the impact of the Iranian Revolution? Pg. 471
> End of Monarchy
>Made religious leaders, dictators of Iran
> Iran became hostile to USA, Israel, UK
>Led to conflicts: Iran-Iraq war, proxy wars between sunni and Shia countries in Syria, Iraq
How was Africa affected by the Cold War? Pg. 481
> African nations could seek Financial / Military support from the Soviets or Americans.
>Caused civil wars to be longer and deadlier as they became proxy wars between the US and USSR
>Allowed the Apartheid system in South Africa to last longer as an anti-communist government allied with USA
What challenges have African states faced in the years following their independence? Pg. 481
> Lack of investment in infrastructure and education systems during colonial rule
>Borders that make no sense ethnically and linguistically
>Civil wars, genocide, and political violence
What key issues were behind the Arab-Israeli conflicts? Pg. 468
>Disputed land claims
>Religious and cultural differences
>Dispute over control of Jerusalem and its holy sites
What experiences did independence bring to new Southeast Asian countries? Pg. 463
> Failures of establishing democracies lead to military dictatorships or communist governments
> Continued dependence of exporting raw materials and commodities to former colonizers.
> Proxy Wars caused by cold war: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia
>Economic growth as new industries emerged
How did the Great Leap Forward kill so many people?
> Communists belief that scarcity is fake
>Unrealistic goals
>Bad harvest and lies
>Export of grains following belief that it was surplus
>Millions starve
How did communism spread throughout Asia after 1917? Pg 459
> Soviets educated, funded and armed communist groups through out asia
>Soviets branded communism as anti-imperialist, as a way to resist western empires
>Confucianism made communism intelligible to Asians because both put the collective good over the needs of the individual.