Details
What year did the Defiance Campaign begin?
1952
Who was the president of the ANC during the Defiance Campaign?
James Moroka
Which political organization led the Defiance Campaign?
African National Congress (ANC)
Why is the Defiance Campaign considered a turning point in South African resistance?
It was the first large scale, multi-racial resistance to apartheid
What happened to many of the protestors who participated?
Thousands were arrested, including prominent leaders
What was the main method of protest used during the Defiance Campaign?
Nonviolent civil disobedience
Which young activist gained prominence through his involvement in the campaign?
Nelson Mandela
What role did the South African Indian Congress play in the campaign?
They co-led the campaign with the ANC
What future anti-apartheid movements did the campaign influence?
The Freedom Charter and Soweto Uprising
Did the campaign lead to any changes in apartheid laws?
No laws were repealed immediately, but public awareness grew
Which laws were deliberately broken by protestors during the campaign?
Segregation rules and curfews
Who was a prominent Indian leader who collaborated with the ANC during the campaign?
Yusuf Dadoo
Which group helped coordinate legal support for arrested protestors?
Legal Aid groups and sympathetic lawyers
What made the campaign different from previous forms of protest?
It used coordinated civil disobedience rather than petitions or appeals
How did the campaign affect the ANC’s membership?
ANC membership surged from 7,000 to over 100,000.
How did the South African government initially respond to the campaign?
Mass arrests and increased repression
Who were the “volunteers” and what was their role?
Trained activists that broke laws to protest apartheid
How did trade unions contribute to the campaign?
They organized strikes and supported mass mobilization
How did the campaign affect international awareness of apartheid?
It drew global attention to apartheid’s brutality
What long-term impact did the campaign have on South African politics?
Mobilized mass resistance, boost ANC membership, foster multi-racial cooperation, and bring global attention to apartheid
What role did volunteers play in the execution of the campaign?
They deliberately broke laws to get arrested and draw attention to injustice
Which future South African president was arrested during the Defiance Campaign?
Nelson Mandela
What was the significance of the ANC Youth League in organizing the campaign?
The Youth League pushed for militant action and mass mobilization
In what ways did the campaign challenge the moral legitimacy of apartheid laws?
It exposed the injustice of apartheid laws and built moral pressure for change
How did the campaign shape the strategy of resistance in the decades that followed?
It established civil disobedience as a core tactic and built alliances across different races