Philosophic Principles
This term requires the manipulation of the independent variable to see the effects on the dependent variable in order to demonstrate a functional relation.
Experimentation
Each time Leo finishes his homework, his mom gives him a piece of candy. He has gotten much better with completing his work at home. This is an example of _____ conditioning.
Operant
The reduction in frequency of an operant response which was previously rewarded that results when the response is no longer followed by the reinforcer.
Extinction
Mike begins to engage in property destruction immediately following task demands from the BCBA. The behavior analyst decides to physically intervene on this behavior by grabbing his wrists gently each time he attempts to throw materials from the table. This is an example of _____
Response blocking
A learning curve in which performance is increasing at a slower and slower rate.
Negatively Accelerating
This term assumes that the simplest and most logical explanation is often the correct explanation.
Parsimony
A procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) comes to elicit a conditioned response (CR) as a result of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
Classical Conditioning
An example of this procedure is when behavior analyst wants to teach a client the steps of washing her hands. She starts by teaching the first step of turning on the water before prompting the client through the rest of the steps.
Forward Chaining
A discriminative stimulus that suppresses instrumental responding because it signals that reinforcement is not available.
This term describes the gradual increases or decreases in an observer's likelihood to identify a given behavior and decreases data accuracy.
Observer drift
The philosophical attitude that something has value, or is true, to the extent that it leads to successful outcomes when practically applied.
Pragmatism
A fundamental principle of behavior that states that the effects of our actions determine whether we will repeat them.
Law of Effect
A decrease in responsiveness that comes as a result of repeated stimulation.
Habituation
A reinforcement procedure in which the participant can choose to respond on one of two or more simple reinforcement schedules that are available simultaneously.
Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement
A research design in which the same reinforcement procedure is applied progressively to several operants. Subject, setting and consequences remain the same while different responses are modified sequentially. Demonstrates reinforcer efficacy.
Multiple Baseline across Behaviors
When conducting a training session with parents of a teenager, mom shares that he engages in problem behavior due to “having a condition called Pathological Demand Avoidance.” They want to know if this condition can be cured so that the child can come home. Respectfully, you inform the parents that our treatments rely on the philosophical assumption of ____ and we can only use observational data to inform our treatment.
Empiricism
A college teaching method based on principles of operant conditioning in which courses are arranged such that students move through the material at their own speed and are reinforced for completing small course units.
Personalized System of Instruction
Teaching behaviors that are central to wide areas of functioning and whose mastery leads to improvements in a larger number of behaviors.
Pivotal Response Training
A written rule or statement describing the target behavior, the occasions when the target response should (should not) occur and the outcome for that behavior.
Performance Contract
Measures and compares the amount of behavior that occurs under a t least two environmental conditions or values of a treatment variable, but does not manipulate those conditions
Correlational Analysis
A newly hired behavior analyst reviews a patient’s records, including their functional behavior assessment data, dating back three years from the current date. The results of the functional analysis indicate that aggression toward others served a function of attention. However, interventions have not been successful at reducing aggression. Rather than relying on records that are three years old, the new behavior analyst conducts further assessment to determine if the original assessment still holds true.
Philosophic doubt
Interference with the learning of a new instrumental response as a result of inescapable and unavoidable aversive stimulation.
Learned Helplessness
Justin is using a token economy system during class in order to earn breaks. He needs 5 tokens in order to earn a 2 minute break. After mastering this goal, his therapist now requires that he earns 7 tokens in order to earn his break. This is an example of ____
Schedule thinning
According to this principle, you can increase the strength or likelihood of a target response if you make the opportunity to perform a more preferred response contingent upon performance of the target response.
Premack Principle
After an accident on his bike, each time Chris sees a bike, he begins engaging in severe problem behavior. In order to treat this, the BCBA sets up scenarios in which Chris gets gradually closer to a bicycle before finally climbing on.
in-vivo desensitization