USA Planning - Social Justice Origins
American photojournalist who published the "How the Other Half Lives" in 1890 to highlight the poor living conditions of urban workers and helped spark the housing reform.
Who is Jacob Riis?
This act requires at minimum an Environmental Analysis for every Federal/Federally funded, state, or local action that has potential to significantly harm the environment.
What is the National Environmental Policy Act (1969)?)
"...an inclusive concept which encompasses, but is not limited to, race, ethnicity, class, gender, age, sexuality, ability, educational attainment, spiritual beliefs, creed, culture, tribal affiliation, nationality, immigration status, political beliefs, and veteran status..."
What is Diversity?
“The form of neighborhood change characterized by the arrival of higher-income and often-time higher-educated residents, along with increasing rents, property values, and cost-of-living, and decreasing non-white populations”
What is gentrification?
A settlement house founded by Jane Addams in 1889 in response to urbanization and industrialization specially aimed at helping immigrant populations, specifically women, gain employable skills.
What is Hull House?
Outlaws’ discrimination against racial, ethnic, national/religious minorities, and women and ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and segregation in schools, workplace, and in facilities serving the public. Violation of this act can mean the loss of federal funding.
What is Title Vi of the Civil Rights Act (1964)?
"...emonstrates an environment in which all individuals are treated fairly and respectfully; are valued for their distinctive skills, experiences, and perspectives; have equal access to resources and opportunities; and can contribute fully to the organization's success."
What is Inclusion?
Citizen Control, Delegate Power, and Partnership are considered Degrees of Citizens Power on Arnstein’s what?
What is the Ladder of Citizen Participation?
Rural, unincorporated, communities within 150 miles of the Mexican border lacking adequate water, sewer, or decent housing, or all three, established before November 28, 1990.
What is a Colonia?
The author of the 1994 expose “Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality” is considered the father of environmental justice.
Who is Robert D Bullard?
"...giving attention to the advantages and disadvantages that exist among groups and individuals, correction of the inequities identified, and provision of access to resources and opportunities needed..."
What is Equity?
Offering child care, considering dietary norms, providing interpreters/signers, conducting meetings in non-english, anticipating a wide variety of literacy levels are all examples of this.
What is planning with diverse communities?)
Who is Luigi Taparelli?
This act requires industries to annually report the amount and type of toxic substances, hazardous/toxic waste, and industrial pollutants to local community citizens to “deal safely and effectively” with these substances.
What is the Emergency Planning/Right to Know Act (1986)?)
"Environmental justice is defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as "fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies." The movement toward environmental justice was started primarily by people of color and grew from a recognition that the poor and people of color are those who most often live in or near America's most polluted environments."
What is Environmental Justice?
Planners that are advocates and brokers for the poor, have a strong emphasis on development of political support, stress practical results and doable efforts, invested in neighborhood political results, and believe in product and process orientation are engaging in this type of planning.
What is equity planning?
The three "E"s of Sustainability?
Economy, Social Equity, Environment
This EO directed that minority, low income, or tribal populations should not bear a disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences…as practicable and appropriate.
What is EO 12898?
"Low-income residents, communities of color, tribal nations, and immigrant communities have disproportionately experienced some of the greatest environmental burdens and related health problems. This inequity is the result of many factors: inappropriate zoning and negligent land use planning; failure to enforce proper zoning or conduct regular inspections; deed restrictions and other discriminatory housing and lending practices; the prioritization of business interests over public health; development patterns that tend to concentrate pollution and environmental hazards in certain communities; and the like."
What is Historic Patterns of Inequity?
The three kinds of Equity in Zoning.
What is the 1) The Equity in the Rules of Zoning 2) The Equity in the People of Zoning and 3) Equity in the Map of Zoning Districts?)