Social determinants of Health
Which of the following is NOT one of the five major domains of the Social Determinants of Health?
A. Economic Stability
B. Education Access and Quality
C. Genetic Inheritance
D. Healthcare Access and Quality
C. Genetic Inheritance
What ethical principle means that a patient has the right to make their own informed decisions about their healthcare?
Autonomy
What is the term for unconscious attitudes or assumptions that can influence how we perceive or treat others?
Implicit bias
What barrier describes when public transit routes do not reach specialized hospitals, preventing low-income communities from accessing medical care?
Transportation barrier
This term refers to the presence of people with different backgrounds, identities, experiences, and characteristics within a group or organization.
Diversity
This five-digit geographic identifier can provide important information about the social and environmental conditions that influence a person's health
Zip code
A provider assumes that a patient from a particular cultural group will refuse a certain treatment without asking about the patient's individual preferences. What concept does this demonstrate?
Stereotyping
A provider spends significantly less time explaining treatment options to patients who have limited English proficiency because they assume those patients will not understand anyway. What type of inequity could this contribute to?
A. Unequal access to health information
B. Genetic discrimination
C. Biological variation
D. Patient autonomy
A. Unequal access to health information
A patient lives in an area with only one primary care clinic, and appointments are consistently booked several months in advance. What type of healthcare access barrier does this represent?
A. Geographic barrier to healthcare
B. Financial barrier to healthcare
C. Limited availability of healthcare services
D. Health literacy barrier
Limited availability of healthcare services
A patient who is deaf requests an ASL interpreter for a medical appointment. Providing this service is an example of a reasonable ______ to ensure the patient can access care.
Accommodation
This term describes an urban or rural area where residents have limited access to affordable, healthy, and fresh food options
A. Food insecurity
B. Economic instability
C. Food desert
D. Limited healthcare access
C. Food desert
This resource should be used by healthcare providers to avoid legal and clinical errors when communicating with a patient who has limited English proficiency.
Medical Interpreter
This type of bias occurs when a doctor assumes an older patient’s physical or mental decline is just a normal part of getting older, causing them to miss treatable medical conditions
Ageism
When differences in health outcomes between groups are caused by avoidable and unfair differences in social conditions or access to resources, these differences are called health ______.
Disparities
A hospital's patient population is highly diverse, but its educational materials only feature one racial group and one type of family structure. What aspect of DEI is lacking in these materials?
Representation
A patient has health insurance and understands their treatment plan, but frequently misses appointments because they cannot afford to take time off work. Which Social Determinant of Health is most directly affecting their access to care?
A. Healthcare Access and Quality
B. Economic Stability
C. Social and Community Context
D. Education Access and Quality
Economic Stability
A healthcare provider gives a patient information about a major procedure and asks, “Do you understand?” The patient says yes but cannot explain what the procedure involves. What important ethical requirement has NOT been adequately established?
Informed consent
A provider reviews their treatment decisions and notices that they tend to make different recommendations for patients from different demographic groups with similar clinical presentations. What practice can help the provider recognize and address this pattern?
Bias awareness / self-reflection
Which of the following best describes the difference between equality and equity in healthcare?
A. Equality focuses on treating every patient exactly the same, while equity focuses on giving patients the same level of care.
B. Equality gives everyone the same resources or treatment, while equity considers individual needs and barriers to promote fair outcomes.
C. Equality prioritizes patients who face greater barriers, while equity ensures everyone receives identical resources.
D. Equality and equity both mean providing the same resources, but equity is primarily focused on reducing healthcare costs.
B. Equality gives everyone the same resources or treatment, while equity considers individual needs and barriers to promote fair outcomes.
A healthcare organization has a workforce that closely reflects the racial and ethnic diversity of the community it serves. However, employees from underrepresented groups report that they are rarely included in leadership discussions or important decisions. Which concept is MOST directly missing?
A. Diversity
B. Representation
C. Inclusion
D. Cultural competence
C. Inclusion
If a patient cannot read their prescription labels or understand an intake form, they are facing a barrier in this specific type of literacy?
Health Literacy
A patient declines a recommended treatment because it conflicts with their religious beliefs. The patient is a competent adult and demonstrates that they understand the risks and benefits of both accepting and refusing treatment. What is the MOST appropriate response from the healthcare provider?
A. Continue pressuring the patient because the treatment is medically recommended
B. Ask the patient's family to convince them to accept the treatment
C. Respect the patient's decision while ensuring they understand the potential consequences
D. Refuse to provide any further care because the patient rejected the recommendation
C. Respect the patient's decision while ensuring they understand the potential consequences
A patient with a documented mental health condition comes to the emergency department with new symptoms of severe abdominal pain. The provider attributes the symptoms to the patient’s mental health condition without performing a thorough evaluation. The patient is later diagnosed with appendicitis. What is this an example of?
A. Confirmation bias, because the provider focuses on information that supports an existing diagnosis
B. Diagnostic overshadowing, because the patient's existing mental health condition causes their new physical symptoms to be overlooked
C. Therapeutic bias, because the provider chooses a treatment based on the patient's previous medical history
D. Attribution bias, because the provider assumes the patient's symptoms are caused by their personal characteristics
B. Diagnostic overshadowing
A patient with low income skips taking their daily insulin doses because they cannot afford the refill cost. What term most specifically describes this barrier to care?
A. Financial barrier to healthcare
B. Cost-related medication non-adherence
C. Limited access to treatment
D. Health literacy barrier
B. Cost-related medication non-adherence
A patient from a cultural background unfamiliar to the healthcare team declines a recommended treatment. The provider initially believes the refusal is based on the patient's culture, but the patient explains that their concern is actually the treatment's side effects. Which principle is MOST important for the provider to recognize?
A. Cultural competence requires providers to understand common beliefs associated with each cultural group
B. Cultural humility requires providers to recognize that an individual's beliefs and preferences cannot be assumed based on their cultural background
C. Cultural sensitivity requires providers to avoid discussing treatment options that may conflict with a patient's cultural beliefs
D. Cultural accommodation requires providers to modify treatment whenever a patient identifies a cultural concern
B. Cultural humility