psychology being investigated
How many times can a person go into REM in one night (given they sleep for 8 hours)?
5 times
How many participants were included in the study (including gender)?
Nine adult participants (seven male and two female). Four of these were used to confirm the data obtained from the five that were studied in detail.
What was the overall aim of the study by Dement and Kleitman?
(To investigatedraming in an objective way by looking for ) relationships between eye movements in sleep and the dreamer's recall.
what was the reaction of those when woken from nREM
bewildered. had been dreaming, but could not remember what the content was.
true or false: we experience dreams in real time
true
What is the term used to describe the biological rhythms that last less than 24 hours
Ultradian Rhythms
true of false: study two was a true experiment with repeated measures
True! Study two was the ONLY true eperiment, while studies 1 and three were natural lab experiments.
what were the participants woken with
doorbell
how many dreams could not be used?
26 out of 152 dreams could not be used because they were poorly recorded and did not have a proper transcription.
what was the experimental method
In what three ways do we resemble wakefulness when aleep in REM?
1. Our eyes move
2. We experience bizarre thoughts in the form of dreams
3. Our brains are active
what was the setting of experiment one
natural experiment in a lab
true or false: the experimenter and participant had verbal interactions
true.
if a participant had both eye movements, what was the cause?
they were looking at something close up
what is one strength of the study
1. standardized
2. control ensured that the IV influenced DV
What is one term used to describe REM sleep (hint: this is used when we are "paralysed" and are insensitive to external stimuli)
Paradoxical
what was the independent variable for study three
eye movement pattern type
define an EEG and what is measures
an electro-encephalograph detects and records tiny electrical charges associated with nerve and muscle activity.
what time in REM did participants report the best dream content
8 minutes
what is the individual explanation
Participants had different successes at estimating dream duration
What are the main three theories to what dreams are?
1. unconscious meanings
2. random firing neurons
3. cognitive and emotional problems we have in our waking state
what were the dietary controls in the study
During the daytime prior to arrival at the laboratory, each participant ate normally (excluding drinks containing alcohol or caffeine)
What participant did not satisfy study twos hypothesis and why
DN could only remember the latter part of his dream, therefore he underestimated the amount of time he spent in REM.
what was the quantitative data used in study two
the counting of words used to describe how long the participant thought they were in REM (5 or 15)
what is the application to everyday life
-identify when participants enter REM or nREM
-EEG monitor could help sleep scientists to identify whether a person has a disorder based around REM sleep