Results
Dreams were typically longer at what time?
What is later in the night?
When is dreaming experienced?
What is, REM sleep?
Why was using a lab experiment a strength?
What made it possible to limit the effect of uncontrolled variables?
What does REM stand for?
What is Rapid Eye Movement?
What are the IV's of this experiment?
What is...
REM or nREM sleep stage, Waking after 5 or 15 minutes of REM sleep, Eye-movement pattern types?
From what kind of sleep were participants able to describe dreams easier?
What is, it was easier for participants to recall during REM sleep in comparison to NREM sleep?
Why can you occasionally recall dreams from NREM sleep?
What is, dreams are being recalled from previous REM stage?
Explain one reason as to why the procedure was standardized?
What is....
It would allow the study to be more easily replicated. Therefore, it could be tested for reliability. For example, knowing how long they had to be in REM for before being woken up means exact replication is possible?
It would increase the (internal) validity of the study. Therefore, cause and effect are (more) likely to be seen. For example, knowing it was whether being in REM caused dreams to be reported (or not)?
It can help to reduce extraneous/uncontrolled variables, so that we know it is probably the IV of REM sleep status causing the change in dream activity/content - the DV?
What is an EEG?
What is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain?
What is the sample of this experiment?
What is 7 adult males, 2 adult females?
What was the average time of the uninterrupted dream stages?
What is 20 minutes?
What facts show that dreams are not instantaneous events, but rather experienced in real time?
What is, measurements using the EEG to record eye movements and brainwaves show that different stages of brain activity and the presence or absence of dreams provides objective evidence supporting the idea that dreams progress in real time?
What good ethics were involved in the experiment?
What is.. Gained informed consent and briefed participants about the experiment?
What is an EOG?
What is the test that monitors eye movements during sleep?
What 3 types of research methods were this experiment?
What is Laboratory, True, and Natural Exeriments?
Is there a positive correlation between subjective estimates between dream duration and the length of the REM period?
What evidence supports a positive correlation between subjective dream duration estimates and the length of the REM period before waking? (Bonus: When participants were offered a choice between 5 or 10 minutes the the results were high, 88% and 78%.)
What evidence suggests that eye movements in REM sleep are linked to dream imagery rather than in random neuro activity?
WHat is the correspondence between eye movements during REM sleep and the dreamers visual focus in the dream?
Why did the experiment lack ecological validity?
What is.. participants were probably not used to sleeping in a lab with people watching them and wires attached to them?
What is a True Experiment?
What is an experiment conducted to prove or disprove a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?
What are the DV's of this experiment?
What is... Whether participants reported a dream, if so, details, Participants choice of of 5 or 15 minutes of sleep, Report of dream content?
Are eye movement patterns related to the dream content?
What is, eye movement patterns were found to e related to dream content? (Bonus: This part of the study was determined by 35 awakenings from 9 participants, example: Vertical eye movement was correlated with a dream where the participant was standing at bottom of the cliff operating a machine and looking up at climbers)
Outline one aim of the study?
What is, to investigate if dream recall differs between REM and NREM stages of sleep?
or
What is, to investigate if there was a (positive) correlation between estimates of dream duration and length of REM sleep?
or
What is, to investigate if eye movements patterns were related to dream content?
How was data collected for this experiment?
What is through self-reports?
What is a Natural Experimemt?
What is the study of a naturally occurring situation as it unfolds in the real world. The researcher does not exert any influence over the situation but rather simply observes individuals and circumstances, comparing the current condition to some other condition.
What type of sampling method was used for this experiment?
What is Opportunity Sampling?