Lection 1-2
The foundation of measurement and error?(Formula)
X=Xmeasured+deltaX
All values are close but far from true value. Why?
Systematic error
Тәжірибелік эксперимент әдістеріне мысал
Зертханалық жұмыстар
Жаттығулар
Практикалық тапсырмалар
The difference between measured value and true value.
Measurement error
......... is any factor that can change in an experiment.
Variable
Tell me 4 types of errors?
1.Random
2.Systematic
3.Instrumental
4.Methodological
Closeness to true value
Closeness between values
Проблемалық сұрақ қоюдың қандай плюстары бар?
студент өзі жауап іздейді, соның арқасында зерттеп көп қателік жасаған жағдайда да даму өте қатты байқалады, зерттеу жүргізуді үйренеді.
Random and systematic errors, what causes them?
consistent shift (e.g., wrong calibration)
unpredictable variation (e.g., reaction time)
Name the 2 methods which teaches experiment?
Scientific and educational
The difference between observation and monitoring?
Observation → Something interesting is happening
Monitoring → Let’s measure it carefully and collect data
You get perfect precision but wrong result. What you need to do firstly?
Check instrument calibration
Түсіндірмелі-иллюстративті әдістің сипаттамасы және оның минусы?
Дайын білімді қабылдау, өзіндік ізденістің болмауы
What is relative error?
Absolute error divided by true value.
Give me the definition of physical experiment.
a controlled study of a physical system in which relevant variables are intentionally changed or monitored to obtain empirical evidence.
Why is relying only on verbal methods ineffective?
Students become passive, low engagement
Фронталды жұмыстың әдістері?
Бүкіл топпен бір мезгілде жұмыс
Жаңа тақырыпты енгізуде тиімді
Why is calibration is important?
Removes systematic error.
The difference between demonstration experiment and laboratory experiment.
Use demonstrations to spark interest and clarity
Use lab work to build real understanding and confidence
The anatomy of an experiment, plan of an experiment, tell 7 steps
1.Formulation of objective
2.Identification of measurable quantities
3.Selection of equipment
4.Preliminary estimation
5.Conducting measurements
6.Data processing and error analyzing
7.Conclusions
Advantages of individual work and whole class teaching?
Develops responsibility
Efficient for delivering information
Жарық сәулесінің соңынан қуу қандай ашылуларға алып келді
Салыстырмалық теориясына жол ашты
Differences between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy = close to truth
Precision = close to each other
Accurate & Precise
→ Values close to true AND close to each other
Accurate but NOT precise
→ Scattered values, but average is correct
Precise but NOT accurate
→ Values close together, but all wrong
→ (usually systematic error)
Neither
Random and far from true value
1 example of Fundamental experiment
Galileo’s study of falling bodies, Newton’s prism experiment, Cavendish’s torsion-balance experiment