Chemicals
Responsible for arousal level, mood; important for motivation & voluntary movement
What is Dopamine?
Outer layer of the brain made up of grey matter
What is the Cerebral cortex
Important in establishing NEW memories. Atrophy of this part of the brain is one of the most consistent features of Alzheimer's disease
What is the hippocampus?
Projections of this matter in the spinal cord are called “horns”. it handles the integration of information in the spinal cord
What is grey matter?
Effects on mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, learning
What is Serotonin?
The four lobes that make up the cerebral cortex
What are the Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal?
Trains the brain to do fine motor activities, Suppresses unwanted movement, Initiates trained complex movement patterns. Lesion in this area causes Parkinson's disease
What is the Basal Ganglia?
Damage to these motor neurons result in slight decreased muscle mass and power, hyperreflexia, and hypertonia/spasticity.
What are the Upper Motor Neurons?
major conveyor of info in the PNS (Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disease that destoys ACh receptors on skeletal mm resulting in mm weakness or paralysis)
What is Acetylcholine?
This lobe contains the Primary Sensory Cortex, a map of where sensation for each contralateral body part is processed.
What is the Parietal lobe?
Important for making postural adjustments to maintain balance, Allows motor learning/planning, Also controls fine movements coordination: speed, acceleration and trajectory.
What is the cerebellum?
Damage to these motor neurons result in significant decreased muscle mass and power, Hyporeflexia, Hypotonicity/flaccidity
What are Lower Motor Neurons?
A disruption of this chemical can cause depression and Parkinson's.
What is Dopamine?
This lobe contains the Primary motor cortex, a map of where each part of the body's (contralateral) movements are controlled
What is the frontal lobe?
Ataxia, Dysdiadochokinesia(Inability to rapidly alternate movements), Dysmetria(inability to accurately move a measured distance), and Action Tremors are symptoms of a disorder in this part of the brain.
What is the Cerebellum?
Afferent nerves conduct signals from these neurons to the central nervous system
What are sensory neurons?
Causes increased blood flow, effects on attentiveness and mental focus
What is Epinephrine/Adrenaline?
Responsible for "fight or flight" type of survival, and species survival instincts: Aggression, Fear, Feeding, Sexual behavior, Motivation
What is the limbic system?
Dysphagia(difficulty swallowing), Dysarthria(difficulty in speaking), Diplopia(double vision), and Dysmetria(inability to control the distance of movements) are the 4 D's of Dysfunction in this brain area.
What is the brainstem?
Efferent nerves conduct signals from the central nervous system along these neurons to their target muscles and glands.
What are motor neurons?
Known to be the most important transmitter for brain function. Too much of this is toxic.
What is Glutamate?
A structure within the brain responsible for a large number of normal functions throughout the body, including regulating sleep, temperature, eating, and sexual development, and the pituitary gland.
What is the hypothalamus?
Production of speech is impaired with this type of aphasia.
What is Broca's aphasia?
Localized paresis/ paralysis, localized sensory loss or changes, muscle atrophy, decreased or absent DTR, and localized autonomic changes (loss of vascular control, skin changes) are symptoms of lesions of which nervous system?
What is the Peripheral nervous system?