Paralleling Techniques
How is the patient's head positioned when exposing the receptors?
Occlusal plane parallel to the floor
The ___ technique may be used in some situations such as a small mouth, shallow palate, or the presence of tori.
Bisecting
The term used to describe how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on the image is ___.
Contrast
Which portion of an atom carries a positive electrical charge?
Protons
What is the MPD (maximum permissible dose) for occupationally exposed personal?
5 rems/year
The receptor is placed in the mouth ___ to the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth.
Parallel c Ra he
What orientation is the receptor in when taking anterior periapical images?
Vertical
the beam responsible for exposing the film to radiation
Primary beam
Which part of the x-ray machine restricts the size and shape of the beam?
Lead collimator
What can the radiographer wear for protection?
Radiation monitoring badge
What error occurs when there is incorrect horizontal angulation when taking a bitewing image?
Overlapping
The x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the ___.
Imaginary Bisector
___ refers to x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter.
Secondary radiation
Negatively charged particle that produces dental radiographs
Electron
What does ALARA stand for?
As low as reasonably achievable
When using the paralleling technique, the beam is directed perpendicular to the receptor and the ___.
Long axis of the tooth
To correct an elongated image on an x-ray view, the vertical angulation needs to be:
Increased
Produced when an electron hits the nucleus of a tungsten atom
General radiation
What does the aluminum disk filter out?
Long, low-energy wavelengths
Used to determine proper safelighting
Coin test
What is the purpose of taking bitewing images?
Checking for interproximal decay
What error occurs when the x-ray beam is not centered over the receptor?
Cone-cut
___ is a type of secondary radiation resulting from a x-ray being deflected from its path.
Scatter radiation
An atom that gains or loses an electron is knows as a(n) ___.
ion
To produce diagnostic images, the radiographer must have thorough knowledge of the ___ used in dental imaging.
What can be used to place the receptor in the mouth and keep it in position during exposure?
Bean alignment devices
Too much angulation can cause ___ of an image.
Foreshortening
If the kVp is increased, what has to happen to the exposure time?
It is decreased
Electrons are produced in the vacuum tube when the ___ is heated.
Tungsten filament
Besides gamma rays, what additional radiation wave from the EMR spectrum is considered harmful to tissue due to its wavelength?
Ultra-Violet
Name both disadvantages of the paralleling technique
Placement may be difficult for operator
Placement may be uncomfortable for patient
Which receptor size is commonly used for bitewing images on adults?
2
a pattern of stored energy on the exposed film that cannot be visibly seen
Latent image
Prevents weak radiation from escaping the tube head
Aluminum filter
Is the beam more intense with a short or long target-receptor distance?
short
Which teeth need to be included in a right molar bitewing image?
1, 2, 3, 30, 31, 32
The bisecting technique is based on the principle of the ___.
Rule of Isometry
Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges the inner shell of a tungsten atom
Character radiation
This is the negative terminal in the tube head
Cathode
If the target-receptor distance is changed from an 8 inch to a 16 inch, how intense will the beam be?
1/4th as intense