Radiation History
This individual discovered the x-ray in 1895 and is known as the "father of x-rays"
Who is Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (p.1-2)
A two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object
What is a radiograph
Name the 3 main components of an intraoral dental x-ray machine
What are tubehead, extension arm, and control panel (p.60)
Who is state and local governments (p.60)
It is used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam and to reduce patient exposure
What is collimation
A radiographer must stand at least this far away from the x-ray tubehead during x-ray exposure
What is 6ft or 2 meters
Photo-stimulable phosphor imaging falls under this category of digital imaging
What is indirect digital imaging (p.71)
These are the three types of intraoral imaging examinations used in dentistry.
What are periapical, interproximal, and occlusal examinations
This happens when vertical angulation is too steep and elongation is insufficient
Wat is foreshortening (p.208)
This is the preferred technique
Paralleling (p.208)
An image with this type of contrast is useful for the detection of periodontal or periapical disease and results from higher kilovoltage settings
What is low contrast
Detecting lesions, evaluating growth and development, and confirming suspected diseases are some examples of this.
What is what dental images are used for (p.2)
This technique includes the bisecting technique, the paralleling technique, and the bite-wing technique
What is Intraoral techniques
This is attached to the end of the PID to restrict the size of the x-ray beam
What is a collimator (p.62)
Dental x-ray machines are used to expose _______ or ________ receptors
What are intra oral and extra oral (p.60)
Thyroid collar, lead apron, digital sensors/fast film, and beam alignment devices are examples of what?
What are patient protection measures
Defined as what does not exceed the worker's age multiplied by 10 mSv
What is cumulative occupational dose
3 advantages of digital imaging in comparison to film-based imaging
Superior image resolution, reduced patient exposure, increased speed of image viewing, lower equipment and supply costs, increased efficiency, enhancement options for images (p.74)
A term for an area where teeth are no longer present
What is edentulous
What is a fingernail artifact (p.102)
In the parallel method, where should the receptor be positioned in regards to the tooth
Parallel with the long axis (p.170)
Primary benefit of dental images
Disease detection (p.116)
The process of informing the patient about the particulars of dental imaging
What is disclosure (p.139)
He is known for making the 1st dental x-ray 1896.
Who is Otto Walkoff
These are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care
What are dental radiographs
The purpose of a receptor holder
What is to stabilize intraoral receptors including film or digital sensors (p.62)
What is that it restricts the size of the x-ray beam and limits radiation exposure
This is the most effective method to reduce a patient's radiation exposure
What is the use of a digital receptor
This term describes the dose of radiation that the body can endure with little or no chance of injury
What is maximum permissible dose (p.40)
3 disadvantages of digital imaging in comparison to film-based imaging
Initial setup costs, image quality, sensor size and thickness, infection control, wear and tear, legal issues (p.74)
This examination is used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single image
What is interproximal examination
Of the following errors, which can occur with the bite-wing technique
Elongation, overlapped contacts, cone-cut, phalangioma
What is overlapped contacts and cone-cut (p.242)
Primary advantage of paralleling technique
What is that it produces an image without dimensional distortion
Film is placed into this chemical to reduce the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver
What is the developer solution (p.89)
When the diagnosis made or the dental treatment delivered falls below the standard of care
What is negligence (p.139)
This is a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube
What is x-radiation (end of chapter quiz, p.5)
Define horizontal angulation
What is the positioning of the PID and the direction of the central ray in a horizontal, or side-to-side, plane (p.193)
The settings of the x-ray beam are regulated through this:
The only factor recommended to adjust on an x-ray machine to make any needed changes
What is the exposure time (p.46)
This regulates the speed and energy of the electrons and determines the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam
What is kilovoltage (p.43)
This material is used as a collimator
What is lead (p.36)
What is bit-depth image (p.70)
An inspection used to examine large areas of the skull or jaws
What is extraoral imaging examination
Two examples of why a film may appear underdeveloped
Inadequate development time, developer solution too cool, inaccurate timer or thermometer, or depleted or contaminated developer solution (p.101)
Primary disadvantage of paralleling
Receptor placement may be difficult for the dental radiographer
The one processing step that differs between automatic and manual film processing
What is the rinsing step (p.92)
The policies and procedures that should be followed by the dental radiographer to reduce the chances of a patient taking legal action against the dental radiographer or supervising dentist
This person is known for the first dental text in 1913 and the first bite-wing technique in 1925
Who is Howard Riley Raper (p.4)
Name the two advantages of the bisecting technique
Eliminates need for beam alignment devices and shorter exposure time (p.208)
This device is used to stabilize and secure the sensor
What is a beam alignment device (p.62)
The component of the automatic processor that eliminates the need for a rinsing step
What is the roller film transporter (p.91)
This law states that the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source
What is the inverse square law (p.47)
Machines operating at 70kV or lower require ______mm aluminum.
Machines operating above 70kV require ______mm aluminum
What are 1.5 and 2.5 (p.36)
Depending on the speed of film that is being used, exposure times for digital imaging are ____% to ____% less.
What is 50% to 90% (p.68)
A series of intraoral dental images that show all the tooth-bearing areas of both jaws
What is a complete mouth series (CMS) or full mouth series (FMX)
This problem results when a film is subjected to a sudden temperature change between the developer solution and water bath
What is reticulation of emulsion (p.101)
Of the following errors, which ones can occur with the bisecting technique:
Elongation, overlapped contacts, cone-cut, phalangioma
What are all 4 (p.242)
4 items essential to include in the dental record
Informed consent, number & type of dental images exposed, rationale for dental images, and an imaging report
True or false: it is best to retain dental records for 6 years
What is false: the must be retained indefinitely (p.142)