Eukaryotic Chromosomes
DNA Structure
DNA Replication
Telomeres
Protein Machinery
100
Chromosomes
What are the major carriers of genetic information in Eukaryotes?
100
Thymine binds to Adenine, and Cytosine binds to Guanine.
What is paired with Thymine? What is paired is with Cytosine?
100
DNA Replication
What is a process in which a double helix gives rise to two double helices, each with an "old" strand and a newly synthesized strand?
100
Telomeres
What is the protective end cap that helps chromosomes retain their genetic information?
100
origins of replication
What are the specific sites on the DNA molecule called where DNA replication begins?
200
Histones
What protein facilitates chromosome packaging?
200
In Bacterial cells, the DNA is circular. In the Eukaryotic cells, the DNA is linear.
What is the difference between bacterial cell DNA and Eukaryotic cell DNA?
200
mutations
What are genetic changes that are transmitted faithfully to succeeding generations?
200
Short, simple non-coding DNA sequences
What do telomeres consist of?
200
DNA helicases
What are helix-destabilizing enzymes that bind to dNA at the origin of replication and break hydrogen bonds, seperating the two strands?
300
Scaffolding
What is a non histone protein that helps maintain chromosome structure?
300
Hydrogen bonds because they are weak which allows the double helix to pair with a new complementary nucleotide and replace its missing partner.
What types of bonds hold the double helix together and why?
300
density gradient centrifugation
Scientists use this to separate DNA?
300
Telomerase
What is a special DNA enzyme that can lengthen telomeric DNA?
300
replication fork
What is the name of the y-shaped structure produced during the replication of DNA?
400
Condensin
What group of proteins required for chromosome compaction?
400
Watson and Crick
Who came up with the double helix model?
400
DNA polymerases
What proof reads each newly added nucleotide against its template nucleotide?
400
Cell aging and apoptosis
What does the shortening of telomeres contribute to?
400
topoisomerases
What are the enzymes called that produce breaks in the DNA molecules and then rejoin the strands?
500
They consist of eight histones and DNA. Their function is to keep DNA from becoming tangled.
What do nucleosomes consist of and what is their function?
500
x-ray diffraction
What powerful method can determine the distances between the atoms of molecules arranged in a regular, repeating crystalline structures?
500
mismatch repair
What is it called when special enzymes recognize the incorrectly paired nucleotides and remove them?
500
It allows them to maintain telomere length which allows them to replicate an unlimited number of times.
How does the presence of tolemerase in cancer cells allow them to be resistant to apoptosis?
500
Single-strand binding proteins
What prevents the double helix re-froming until the strands are replicated?
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