Mood vs. Affect
Define "mood"
A person's predominant internal emotional state, described in their own words.
Name one depression screening tool.
PHQ-9, PHQ-2, Geriatric Depression Scale, HAM-D, Beck's Depression Inventory.
What does "SIGECAPS" stand for?
Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidality.
Define MDD
Depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure for at least 2 weeks, impairing function, with no mania.
Name one risk factor for depression in children
Define "affect"
The external expression of emotions or feelings observable by others.
Which screening tool is an ultrashort 2-question screen?
What are two core symptoms required for a diagnosis of MDD.
Depressed mood, anhedonia (loss of interest/pleasure)
Define Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Chronic Depression Lasting at least 2 years.
How might adolescents express depression differently than adults?
Anger, aggression, running away, delinquency, sexual acting out, substance use.
What type of effect is this "The patient states they're sad, and they appear tearful."
What does the PHQ-9 measure?
How long must symptoms last for MDD
How long must symptoms persist for Dysthymia?
2 years (1 in children)
Why are adolescents at higher risk for suicide
Impulsivity and risky behaviros combines with depression
What is "flat affect"
A severe reduction in emotional expression, appearing unresponsive
Whihc scale is specifically designed fro older adults
Name three other DSM-5 symptoms of MDD besides mood/anhedonia
Weight change, Insomnia/hypersomnia, agitation, retardation, fatigue, poor concentration, suicidal thoughts.
How does the dysthymia differ from MDD in severity and duration.
Dysthymia is less severe but longer lasting, MDD is more severe but short term
How is postpartum depression different from "baby blues"
Baby blues are transient; postpartum depression is more severe, persistent, and can include psychosis
How would you describe a patient who says they feel happy but looks tearful and withdrawn
incongruent affect
What is the difference between PHQ-2 and PHQ-9
2 is a brief screening took
9 is more comprehensive and diagnostic
Why is suicidality a critical part of the SIGECAPS mnemonic?
Because it is a major safety risk and requires immediate intervention.
What condition is often misdiagnosed as dementia in older adults
Depression
Why can depression in older adults be difficult to diagnose
Symptoms can mimic dementia or physical illness