Biological
The idea that serotonin is the neurotransmitter responsible for depression.
What is the seratonin hypothesis
Overgeneralization based on negative events, Non-logical inference about the self, Dichotomous thinking
What are the components of the cognitive triad put forth by Beck
An interactionist approach to explaining psychological disorders
What is the diathesis-stress model
Participants who were given a drug called physostigmine, which decreases levels of noradrenaline, became profoundly depressed and experienced feelings of self-hate and suicidal wishes within minutes of having taken the drug. These results display that some cases of depression might stem from a disturbance in neurotransmission.
What is Janowsky et all (1972)
Refers to identification of the sumptoms
What is Symptomology
The idea there is a link between high levels of cortisol and long-term stress and depression
What is the cortisol hypothesis
Black-and-white thinking and selective recall of negative consequences
What is the definition of Dichotomous thinking
Social stress, marital status, class status, having young children, employment status, lack of confidant, loss of mother
What are some of the possible explanations for women being more likely to be clinically depressed than men
Participants were placed in either the positive cognitive group (low risk) or the negative cognitive group (high risk) based on their thinking style. 6 years later, many less people from the positive group had depression than the negative group.
Alloy et al (1999)
Why people suffer from a disorder
What is Etiology
A theory suggested by Joseph Schildkraut in 1965 says that depression is associated with low levels of noradrenaline.
What is the catecholamine hypothesis
The cognitive style theory is that psychological disturbances often come from irrational and illogical thinking
What is the cognitive style theory suggested by Ellis
Somatic symptoms versus affective symptoms in collective versus individualistic cultures being more common
What are some of the differences cross-cultural studies have revealed about depression
The researchers found that vulnerability factors such as lack of social support, more than three children under 14 years at home, unemployment and early maternal loss, in combination with acute or ongoing serious social stressors, were likely to provoke depressive episodes in women tested in London.
Brown and Harris (1978)
15% of people at some point in their life
What is the prevalence rate for depression