History of Segregation
During what century were Africans shipped to the colonies as slaves?
1600s+
Name at least 2 things that the government branches had done to either help or segregate people of color
13, 14, and 15, amendments, President Lyndon B. Johnson pushed major civil rights laws.
What two governments clashed in the Little Rock Integration?
State and Federal
(Arkansas state and Executive branch)
What organization was at the forefront of the civil rights movement?
What Supreme Court case ruling outlawed segregation?
Brown v Board of Education
Name 3 buildings/areas that were segregated
Bathrooms, Theaters, School, Transportation, Housing
Plessy v. Ferguson
The separation of power in what 2 branches was the reason for how long it took for desegregation?
Federal Judicial and Executive
What group of students became famous after being stopped from integrating by the Governor of Arkansas?
The Little Rock 9
What laws were justified by "separate but equal" and were used for racial segregation?
Jim Crow laws
What court case constitutionally upheld Jim Crow laws and what court case tried removing it.
Plessy v. Feruson in 1896. and Brown v. Board
What law(s) help dismantle segregation
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
How did the legislative branch get involved in enforcement of desegregation?
Civil rights act of 1964
Created the power to defund schools that didn't follow desegregation orders
What group of business leaders in Dallas had a positive effect on welcoming integration?
The DCC (Dallas Citizens Council)
What amendment to the Constitution guarantees equal protection?
The 14th amendment
What did schools try to do to not desegregate the area
After the rule many southern states resisted by delays, school closure and other tactics
Which president sent federal troops to help enforce school integration in Little Rock.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
How did President Eisenhower take away a power that belongs to the States during Little Rock?
He blocked the National Guard from blocking those students.
What actions could corporations take to support desegregation?
Amicus Curiae Briefs
Local pressure
Self-desegregation
Advocacy
Research
Use their influence as leverage
How was school segregation challenged before Brown v Board of Education
Mendez v Westminster challenged segregation before Brown.
Roberts v City of Boston was the earliest
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education