(A) Systems, Affordances, Constraints and Information Flows
Which of the following is NOT a leverage point we discussed today?
a) Affordances/Constraints
b) Feedforward/Feedback
c) Taxes/subsidies/standards
(c)
Name one thing that can be the cause for a mental model?
Age, race, socioeconomic status, geographic location, etc.
True or False:
The DWI was the first tool of its kind.
False, there were other ideation decks before it.
In the three modes of decision making, which mode are you not supposed to follow?
Snap Judgements/Gut Feeling
True or False:
“Behavior sciences” have many research insights and framework with models seeking to understand and explain human behaviors, but sometimes the modal can be mutually incompatible
True
The place to intervene in a system comprised up of different feedback and presentations of antecedent information.
The Structure of Information Flow
Name one way to SHIFT the user's mental model?
1) Make the ‘system model’ evident via series of analogical steps bridging the two models
2) Increase repertoire of models available to users
3) Create the object so that it works the way the user assumes
True or False:
The DWI toolkit is intended to completely cover every angle from which a designer can attack a design problem.
False, it's just a starting point.
What are all the factors in Kurt Lewin’s equation for behavior?
Personality & Environment
The factor that measures the extent of the design tries to get users to perform or not perform a particular behavior.
The Information Flow sub-category is exemplified in the following statement: "You have achieved 48 mpg today.”
Why is measuring mental model difficult?
Mental models are “not available for direct inspection or measurement”
What is a design pattern?
It's a typical problem-solution set that can be applied across disciplines.
Name any 2 interventions from the Behavior Change Wheel
Education, persuasion, incentivisation, coercion, training, enablement, modelling, environmental restructuring, restrictions
List three related fields regarding "design for behavior change."
Social, cognitive, and ecological psychology; Ethnography, science, and technology studies; Cognitive anthropology; Ergonomics; Cybernetics; Ethics; Architecture
Order the following in terms of effectiveness (least effective to the most effective):
(1) Structure of Information Flows
(2) Goals of the System
(3) Structure of materials tocks and flow
(4) The power to transcend paradigms.
(3), (1), (2), (4)
Name three different methods of analysis and investigation of mental models?
Interviews;
Verbal protocol analyses;
Structured tasks;
Eye-tracking;
Cultural probes;
Ethnography;
Shadowing
Who developed the design with intent toolkit?
Dan Lockton + a team of students and designers
In prospect theory, it was determined that people are risk averse during loss situations. True or False?
False
Name a limitation for “enabling, motivating, constraining” approach.
Does not account for complex situations when influencing individual actions might constrain others’ interests
The three leverage points Lockton focuses on, referenced from Donella Meadow's 12 different leverage points.
1) The structure of information flows
2) The rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints)
3) The power to add, change, evolve, or self-organize system structure
Anything regarding safety (interest in particular safe behavioral outcome regardless of whether users' understanding is 'correct' or not)
Name all eight lenses of the DWI toolkit.
Architectural
Errorproofing
Interaction
Perceptual
Cognitive
Security
Ludic (Gaming)
Machiavellian (Cunning)
Based on the infographic from Behavioral Insights Team’s work, what is one solution to solve the problem of recruiting women?
Adding years of experience instead of dates
Targeted referrals
Language used while outlining job requirements
Share dynamic norm
Define the design brief's strategy: "enabling".
Making the “target” behavior easier for a user to do.