Supporting Learners' with Feedback (Winstone et al. 2017)
Fill in the blank!: "Receiving feedback on one's skills and understanding is an __________ part of the learning process, benefiting learners far more than does simply receiving praise or punishment"
Invaluable
Name the 5 motivational strategies that aid in engaging learners
Finding value, reducing cost, reframing appraisals and attributions, creating appropriate challenges, and providing choice
Name the 4 desirable difficulties mentioned
Distributed practice, varying the conditions of practice, providing contextual interference, and testing
Explain selective attention
A process by which students pay "cognitive" attention to feedback: they understand the meaning, it needs to inspire or motivate students to attend to specific aspects of learning, and students need to be able to understand the feedback in ways that enable use
How can we help students buy into learning? (Hint: Usher may be useful)
Keep it low/no stakes!
Explain WHY
Acknowledge the struggle
Identify at least two of the 'characteristics' relied on for effective feedback according to the article
Of the receiver, sender, message, and/or context
What example did the article provide for teachers to provide choice?
In order to be autonomy-supportive, an in-class essay used as retrieval practice might allow learners to choose from among a few equally beneficial prompts
What does the article identify as the main resources instructors would use in optimizing student learning?
Intuition, common sense, and observations about conditions seem to work best
How can instructors help students understand learning objectives and evaluation expectations?
They can provide verbal and written explanations of learning objectives in student-friendly language (i.e., sharing grading criteria)
Explain Retrieval Practice and Spacing
Spreading out studying over time using active recall to boost long-term memory retention
What does the SAGE recipience process stand for? (the components of SAGE!)
Self-appraisal
Assessment literacy
Goal-setting and self-regulation
Engagement and motivation
What example did the article provide for teachers to reframe appraisals and attributions?
As learners experience setbacks or failures in retrieval practice, remind them that their performance can be improved through increased effort or changes in strategy use (i.e., it does not reflect their innate ability).
What makes something a "desirable difficulty"?
It is desirable because it supports better long-term retention and transfers compared to counterparts, but because they introduce difficulties that can lower performance during acquisition or training
What is the benefit of assigning a grade after providing feedback?
Providing feedback without a grade and allowing time for students to use the feedback helps students focus on what is important in their learning process
Name the Evidence-Based Learning Strategies!
Retrieval Practice & Spacing, Generative Learning, Interleaving, Dual Coding, Elaboration, and Concrete Examples
Identify at least two of the intervention clusters identified in the systematic review
Internalizing and applying standards
Sustainable monitoring
Collective provision of training
Manner of feedback delivery
What example did the article provide for learners to create appropriate challenges?
Generate sub-goals of a larger activity to help alleviate the potential daunting nature of the activity and to create more accomplishable steps.
What did the article say was important about feedback provided to students on graded quizzes?
"How" the students use the feedback
Students are more motivated to put in the work to use feedback for learning when they perceive that their teacher _____
Cares about them!
Explain Dual Coding
Strengthens memory and comprehension by combining verbal information with visual representation
Within 5%, what percentage of university-level history students agreed that withholding grades had made them take more notice of their tutors' feedback?
62% (57-67%)
What example did the article provide for learners reducing cost?
Write about the perceived cost of implementing retrieval practice, and then consider how to reframe the cost
Outside of enhanced retention for the topic at hand, what does the article give as an additional practical application for frequent quizzing?
The learning of conceptually similar information can also be enhanced
Discuss the memory model (i.e., identify each piece and what each piece consists of)
Sensory Memory: sensory information, large capacity, split second (gone!)
Working Memory: where we think, consciousness, 15-20 seconds, holds 7+/-2 "chunks", cognitive load (not encoded)
Long Term Memory: information skills, stories, memories, etc., unlimited (space & duration), stronger by connecting to previous learning (not retrieved, or not retrieved correctly)
Explain Elaboration
A strategy where learners enhance understanding and retention by connecting new information to existing knowledge