Common
Which researcher developed the Tourism Destination Life Cycle model?
A) Michael Porter
B) Richard Butler
C) John Lennon
D) David Harvey
B) Richard Butler
The first stage of the tourism life cycle is called:
A) Consolidation
B) Involvement
C) Exploration
D) Decline
C) Exploration
Tourism in the exploration stage is usually:
A) Mass tourism
B) Declining
C) Fully commercialized
D) Minimal and niche
D) Minimal and niche
Which stage usually comes immediately after exploration?
A) Decline
B) Involvement
C) Consolidation
D) Stagnation
B) Involvement
At the stagnation stage, visitor numbers are:
A) Steady or plateauing
B) Rapidly growing
C) Declining sharply
D) Zero
A) Steady or plateauing
What does the “Destination life cycle” describe?
A) Economic growth of a country
B) Airline route planning
C) Tourist spending patterns
D) The stages of development of a tourist destination
D) The stages of development of a tourist destination
At the exploration stage, tourism is usually:
A) Mass and heavily commercialized
B) Minimal and organized by locals
C) Declining rapidly
D) Dominated by resorts and chains
B) Minimal and organized by locals
Which stage is characterized by local residents starting small-scale tourism services?
A) Development
B) Exploration
C) Involvement
D) Stagnation
C) Involvement
A mature tourist destination with high visitor numbers but environmental degradation is likely in which stage?
A) Development
B) Consolidation
C) Stagnation
D) Rejuvenation
C) Stagnation
What may happen if a destination does not rejuvenate after stagnation?
A) It moves back to development
B) It stays the same forever
C) It enters decline
D) It becomes an exploration stage again
C) It enters decline
How many stages are commonly identified in Butler’s model?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 10
C) 6
Which stage sees rapid growth in tourist numbers and infrastructure?
A) Rejuvenation
B) Exploration
C) Consolidation
D) Development
D) Development
During the consolidation stage, tourism growth:
A) Slows down but still increases
B) Stops completely
C) Declines sharply
D) Fluctuates randomly
A) Slows down but still increases
The “involvement” stage is characterized by:
A) Local residents start providing services to visitors
B) Tourists are few and independent
C) Tourism starts declining
D) Government takes over destination management
A) Local residents start providing services to visitors
The stagnation stage often occurs because:
A) There is too little infrastructure
B) The destination has reached its capacity
C) Tourists stop coming immediately
D) Locals stop providing services
B) The destination has reached its capacity
Richard Butler suggested that the destination life cycle:
A) Always ends in decline
B) Is predictable and identical for all destinations
C) Has only three stages
D) Can be reversed with proper planning
D) Can be reversed with proper planning
Which stage is most associated with over-commercialization and loss of original character?
A) Exploration
B) Involvement
C) Consolidation
D) Decline
C) Consolidation
Which factor can trigger rejuvenation of a destination?
A) Improved marketing, new attractions, or infrastructure upgrades
B) Closure of all hotels
C) Reduction of tourism services
D) Local residents leaving the area
A) Improved marketing, new attractions, or infrastructure upgrades
Which factor often triggers the decline stage in a destination?
A) Lack of innovation and infrastructure deterioration
B) Increased marketing campaigns
C) Government investment in tourism
D) Introduction of new attractions
A) Lack of innovation and infrastructure deterioration
In Butler’s model, which stage is most sensitive to external shocks like natural disasters or political instability?
A) Exploration
B) Rejuvenation
C) Decline
D) Development and Consolidation
D) Development and Consolidation
Analyzing a destination using Butler’s model can help managers:
A) Forecast tourism trends and plan interventions
B) Guarantee infinite tourist growth
C) Eliminate competition completely
D) Avoid environmental concerns automatically
A) Forecast tourism trends and plan interventions
The life cycle of a tourist destination is similar to:
A) Product life cycle in marketing
B) Human life expectancy
C) Airline route development
D) Seasonal agricultural cycles
A) Product life cycle in marketing
Which stage may show signs of environmental degradation, cultural dilution, and overcrowding, even if tourism numbers are still increasing?
A) Consolidation
B) Exploration
C) Involvement
D) Development
A) Consolidation
Butler’s model can be integrated with carrying capacity concepts to:
A) Plan sustainable tourism growth
B) Guarantee unlimited tourism growth
C) Eliminate all competition
D) Predict visitor preferences exactly
A) Plan sustainable tourism growth
Analyzing visitor numbers, environmental impact, and infrastructure quality helps in identifying which stage of Butler’s model a destination is in. This is an example of:
A) Tourist profiling
B) Random guessing
C) Marketing strategy only
D) Quantitative destination analysis
D) Quantitative destination analysis