Roots
This individual's work, from 1764, greatly influenced modern deterrence theories.
Who is Beccaria?
Rational choice theory not only focuses on costs of potential crimes, but these desirable considerations.
What are benefits?
The starting point for why crime occurs according to modern deterrence theories.
What are motivations to pursue pleasure?
Criticisms of modern deterrence theories argue that experience punishment may do this with respect to crime.
What is increase?
The group of theories that rational choice theory builds upon.
What are deterrence theories?
Modern deterrence theories assume humans seek to maximize this.
What is pleasure?
The initial cause for crime, according to broken windows theory.
What is (social) disorder?
One criticism of broken windows theory is that aggressive policing practices targeting "disruptive" individuals can cause this.
What is discrimination?
Zero-tolerance, aggressive forms of policing were implemented as a result of this theory from 1982.
What is broken windows theory?
According to broken windows theory, this causes law-abiding individuals to isolate or flee disorderly neighborhoods.
What is fear?
According to broken windows theory, this perception serves to generate crime in disorderly neighborhoods.
What is that no one cares?
This criticism of modern deterrence theories argues that these factors, specified by the theory, generally do not appear to deter crime in empirical studies.
What are swiftness and severity?
In 1985, these scholars developed a rational choice theory in criminology.
Who are Clarke and Cornish?
The term from rational choice theory that describes decision-making processes as being limited or restricted.
What is bounded rationality?
In rational choice theory, this affects one's readiness to offend.
What are background factors (self-control, morality, strain, peers, etc.)?
Broken windows theory has been widely criticized because of this issue, relating to other policing strategies in neighboring areas.
What is crime decreased everywhere?
In 1968, this individual revived interest in the classical school.
Who is Gary Becker?
What is punishment avoidance?
The outcomes that rational choice theory are predicting.
What is crime and criminal event?
This criticism of rational choice theory argues that the theory is not truly unique because of this.
What is it emphasizes factors from other theories?