Toxic Patriarchy
The Byzantines may have been getting jealous after the pope found a new emperor with this name.
Who is Charlemagne?
According to the medievals, war is not just if it does not meet these three conditions.
What are 1) legitimate authority, 2) a just cause, and 3) good intention?
The siege of Ma'arra saw the diversion of the Crusaders from their long assault on Antioch and the procurement of provisions in the form of this unsavory dietary choice.
What is cannibalism?
Son of the Lord of Sicily, upon the loss of his own father's gains in the East this opportunistic prince saw the First Crusade as an opportunity to regain land and money.
Who is Bohemond of Taranto?
Initially setting up hospices for weary and sick pilgrims to the Holy Land, overtime this order of monks grew into a military order---eventually gaining the island of Malta many years later.
Who are the Knights Hospitaller?
Even though she was late to the ecclesiastical game, this city nevertheless desired to be called "Second Rome" and take precedence over the other three apostolic sees.
Who is Constantinople?
Pope Urban II urged the Christians of Western Europe to subdue the "heathen" Turks, primarily citing this Christian principle.
Stalled in the Rhineland for lack of supplies, the People's Crusade slaughtered Jews and accused them of this white-collar crime.
What is usury?
Having sold nearly all his lands in order to hire thousands of knights, this Frankish duke's sacrifice paid off when he was elected the first King of Jerusalem.
Who is Godfrey of Bouillon?
This order of knights was founded on the Temple Mount and opened banks all over Europe to facilitate a more streamlined pilgrimage experience.
Who are the Knights Templar?
In the lead-up to the Great Shism of 1054, the Eastern theologian Leo of Ohrid routinely wrote invectives against this type of bread used during Western liturgies.
What is unleavened?
Instead of the word "Crusade," the journeys to the Holy Land to liberate the Christians were originally conceived as this popular form of itinerant Christian piety.
What is a pilgrimage?
Despite Crusader efforts to take the city by force, the emperor Alexius I Komnenos relented to suspicion and made a secret deal with the Turks at this very first siege of the First Crusade.
What is the Siege of Nicaea?
The wealthiest of the Crusaders, this count of Toulouse had previously whetted his appetite for killing Muslims during extensive campaigns in Córdoba.
Who is Raymond IV of Toulouse?
These knights were most active during the Livonian Crusade in the Baltic States, dressing themselves in white with black crosses.
Who are the Teutonic Knights?
What is the Filioque?
At the Council of Piacenza, the pope was informed by Byzantine envoys that Anatolia had recently been overrun by this race of barbarians from the Eurasian steppe.
Who are the Seljuk Turks?
Shortly after his day in the limelight, Peter Bartholomew was nevertheless urged to undertake this medieval test of one's veracity to prove that he was a true visionary.
What is an ordeal of fire?
The visionary Peter Bartholomew was able to boost the morale of the Crusaders by his discovery of this most sacred of relics in the cathedral of Antioch.
What is the Holy Lance?
The knights were forbidden to hunt save for this animal alone because of its association with Satan.
What is the lion?
Offended at the papal legates' lack of obeisance to his high-and-mighty fancies, the Patriarch Cerularius had the name of Pope Leo IX struck from this object on the altar of Hagia Sophia.
What is the diptych?
Upon completion of the First Crusade, its leaders had managed to establish these four Levantine states of the Latins, by the Latins, and for the Latins.
What are the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Tripoli, the County of Edessa, and the Principality of Antioch?
Before entering Jerusalem, the Crusaders had to wait for tools from Genoa and a vision of this all-important material hidden in a random cave.
What is wood?
Disillusioned with allegiance to the Turks, this Armenian cut a shady deal with Bohemond secretly to let the Crusaders into the city of Antioch.
Who is Firouz?
The Latin Rule of the Order of the Temple of Solomon was likely written by this zealous monk for crusading.
Who is St. Bernard of Clairvaux?