6. Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years
It is the subjective reactions to experience, which are associated with physiological and behavioral change.
emotions
Physical skills that involve the large muscles.
Gross motor skills
The self that one would like to be.
Ideal self
High levels of glucose in the blood as a result of defective insulin production, ineffective insulin action, or both.
Diabetes
Erikson’s 4th stage of psychosocial development.
Industry vs. Inferiority
Differentiate empathy from sympathy.
sympathy - merely involves sorrow or concern for another person.
empathy - ability to put oneself if another person's place and feel what the other person feels.
A form of centration where children center so much of their POV that they cannot take in another’s.
Egocentrism
It is aggression that is openly directed at its target.
Over “direct” aggression
The ability to see things in a new light / to produce something never seen before / discern problems others fail to recognize.
Creativity
It is psychological treatment in which a therapist sees a troubled person one-on-one.
Individual psychotherapy
What are the 4 patterns of crying?
hunger cry, angry cry, frustrated cry, pain cry.
The repeated urination in clothing or in bed.
Enuresis
The motivation to help others with no expectation of reward.
Altruism
Wrestling, kicking, tumbling, grappling, and chasing, often accompanied by laughing and screaming.
Rough & tumble play
The kind of children who weather adverse circumstances, function well despite challenges or threats, or bounce back from traumatic experiences.
Resilient children
What are the three temperamental patterns of a child? Describe each
Easy children - Children with a generally happy temperament, regular biological rhythms, and readiness to accept new experiences.
Difficult children - Children with irritable temperament, irregular biological rhythms, and intense emotional responses.
Slow-to-warm-up children - Children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitant about accepting new experiences.
Conservation is Piaget's term for awareness that two objects that are equal according to a certain measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long as nothing has been added to or taken away from either object. Name the 7 Conservation Tasks.
Number, Length, Liquid, Matter (mass), Weight, Area, Volume.
Whose cognitive theory explains that gender knowledge (I am a girl) precedes gendered behavior (so I like to do girl things).
Lawerence Kohlberg
A group intelligence test for kindergarten through 12th grade.
Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT8)
It is a pattern of behavior, persisting into middle childhood, marked by negativity, hostility, and defiance.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
Name the 4 patterns of attachment.
Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent/Resistant, and Disorganize-Disoriented attachment.
Name one gross motor skill a 3 year old, 4 year old, and 5 year old can accomplish at their respective ages.
3-Year-Olds
4-Year-Olds
5-Year-Olds
Mildred B. Parten identified six types of early play, ranging from the least to the most social. Name them all.
Unoccupied behavior
Onlooker behavior
Solitary independent play
Parallel play
Associative play
Cooperative or organized supplementary play
There are 8 types of Intelligences according to Gardner. Identify 3 and give a brief explanation.
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Bodily-kinesthetic Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalist
Identify Selman's Stages of Friendship.
Stage 0: Momentary playmateship (ages 3 to 7)
Stage 1 : One-way assistance (ages 4 to 9)
Stage 2:Two-way fair-weather cooperation (ages 6 to 12)
Stage 3: Intimate, mutually shared relationships (ages 9 to 15)
Stage 4: Autonomous interdepen- dence (beginning at age 12)