Infancy
What reflex causes infants to grasp objects placed in their palms?
the grasping reflex
At what age do children typically start to develop basic moral reasoning?
around age 6
What term describes the phenomenon of peer influence during adolescence?
peer pressure
What are some common challenges faced during early adulthood?
career decisions, relationship building, and establishing independence
Who is the psychologist known for the stages of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
Who is known for studying attachment styles in infants?
Mary Ainsworth
What stage of development is characterized by the use of symbols and imagination?
the preoperational stage
Which hormone surge is primarily responsible for the physical changes during puberty?
testosterone in boys and estrogen in girls
What is a period of self-reflection and questioning of life choices often associated with feelings of dissatisfaction or regret?
a midlife crisis
What is the term for the gradual change in thinking that occurs as individuals age?
cognitive development
What is the term for the period when an infant forms emotional bonds with caregivers?
attachment
Who proposed the stages of cognitive development that includes the concrete operational stage?
Jean Piaget
How does peer influence affect adolescent decision-making?
the tendency to conform to the behaviors and attitudes of peers, often impacting choices regarding social activities and risk-taking
What are some common indicators of successful aging?
maintaining physical health, having strong social connections, and continuing to engage in meaningful activities
Which theory shows that children learn best through play and exploration?
constructivism
What are the three main types of attachment identified in Ainsworth's Strange Situation?
secure, avoidant, and ambivalent
What is the term for the ability to understand that objects can exist independently of one's perception?
object permanence
What is the term for the cognitive ability to think abstractly and hypothetically?
formal operational thought
What is the role of emotional intelligence in adult relationships?
ability to recognize and manage one’s own emotions and the emotions of others, which fosters better communication and stronger relationships
What psychological perspective focuses on how early experiences impact later development?
psychodynamic perspective
When is the developmental milestone typically reached when an infant can sit up without support?
around 6 months
What is the primary psychosocial conflict during childhood, according to Erik Erikson?
initiative vs. guilt
What psychosocial stage in adolescence involves the conflict of ____ and _____ according to Erikson?
the conflict of identity vs. role confusion
How does the empty nest syndrome affect parents during middle adulthood?
there is a feeling of sadness or loss that occurs when children leave home, often prompting parents to reevaluate their own identities and relationships
Which theory emphasizes the role of social interactions in development?
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory