Stages of Brain Development
What is the production of new neurons called?
Proliferation
A study showing that axons connect to their original targets using chemical pathways.
Sperry and Newts
A programmed mechanism of cell death. Axons that don't reach a muscle don't get NGF and die.
Apoptosis
A stroke caused by an artery becoming blocked is also known as:
Ischemia
A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called:
Phantom limb
Where does proliferation occur?
Around the ventricles
If you cut the optic nerve of a newt and flip the eye 180 degrees, what happens?
The fibers grow back and attach to their original targets
A chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons
Neurotrophin
A result of a sharp blow to the head that does not puncture the brain
Closed head injury
The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to ____ than the same cortical areas of those who don't play video games.
be thicker
Movement of brain neurons or glia; prenatal and after birth, go to their destination
Migration
How do axons arrive at the correct target cells?
They follow chemical gradients from the target cell
A protein that promotes the survival and growth of axons in the sympathetic nervous system and certain axons in the brain
Nerve growth factor (NGF)
Type of stroke resulting from a ruptured artery. Neurons get flooded with blood and oxygen.
Hemorrhage
After amputation, one possible explanation is that axons grow new connections. This is called ________.
Collateral sprouting
This process involves developing the axon and dendrites that give a neuron its distinctive properties
Differentiation
What is the big question of the ferret experiment?
Does the auditory area stay auditory, or does it turn visual in response?
Competition of neurons for postsynaptic sites results in survival of only the most successful axons. This general principle is called:
Neural Darwinism
Decreased activity of surviving brain neurons after damage to other neurons
Diaschisis
Keeping animals in a varied environment with stimulation increases the:
Branching of dendrites.
This process includes the formation or "birthing" of synapses; happens throughout life
Synaptogenesis
This study was done to determine whether neurons are pre-programmed or if they can be rewired.
Ferret Experiment
The sympathetic nervous system initially forms _______ neurons than it needs.
more
This drug breaks up blood clots but is not a good treatment for hemorrhages.
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
_____________________ is the heightened sensitivity to a neurotransmitter at some synapses after incoming axons to other synapses have been destroyed
Denervation supersensitivity