Development Theories
This theory proposes that countries go through five stages of economic development, starting from a traditional society.
What is Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth?
This index combines income, education, and life expectancy to measure development.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
In many regions, women produce more than this fraction of the world’s food.
What is one-half?
This index measures gender inequality in areas like health, empowerment, and labor.
What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?
This type of migration is increasingly led by women, especially in the Global South.
✦ What is labor migration?
In Rostow’s model, this stage includes the spread of technology and industrialization begins.
What is the Takeoff stage?
HDI is considered more holistic than GDP alone because it includes this social factor.
What is education (or literacy)?
In Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, most women are involved in this type of agriculture.
What is subsistence farming?
Women’s increasing access to this boosts overall national development.
What is education?
Many migrant women work in this field, especially in the Middle East.
✦ What is domestic labor (or caregiving)?
One major criticism of Rostow’s model is that it is _______.
What is ethnocentric (or linear)?
A major limitation of HDI is that it doesn’t account for this within a country.
What is inequality?
A major barrier for women in agriculture is limited access to this, even if they farm the land.
What is land ownership?
This type of financial service provides small loans, often to women in rural areas.
What is microfinance?
Ravenstein’s Laws originally emphasized this gender as most likely to migrate long distances.
✦ What is male?
This development theory divides the world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery.
What is Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory?
In Wallerstein’s model, these countries have traits of both core and periphery.
What is the semi-periphery?
This land-use model does not account for unpaid female labor in agricultural zones.
What is Von Thünen’s Model?
In Bangladesh, these programs have helped women improve family income and education.
What are microloans or microfinance programs (like Grameen Bank)?
A major risk faced by many migrant women is this type of abuse or injustice.
✦ What is exploitation (or lack of legal protection)?
According to Wallerstein, this group of countries is economically dependent and often exploited by wealthier nations.
What is the periphery?
This theory is often criticized for being too static and not accounting for development shifts.
What is World Systems Theory?
In this African country, women farm land they often cannot legally own.
What is Kenya?
Rostow’s and Wallerstein’s models both overlook this gender-related issue in development.
✦ What is the unequal impact on women (or gender disparities)?
Filipina workers often migrate under these types of restrictive conditions.
✦ What are limited labor rights or sponsorship laws (e.g., kafala system)?