Classical and Operant Conditioning
A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
What is learning?
Learning by watching and imitating others.
What is observational learning?
The period from conception to birth.
What is the prenatal period?
The ability to think logically about concrete events develops in this stage.
What is concrete operational?
This part of the brain is not fully developed until the mid-20s, helping explain risk-taking behavior in adolescents.
What is the frontal lobe?
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior.
What is positive reinforcement?
Learning that occurs but is not immediately shown.
What is Latent Learning?
The ability to know objects exist even when unseen.
What is object permanence?
Low control and high warmth parenting style.
What is permissive parenting?
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
What is crystallized intelligence?
A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
Sudden realization of a problem’s solution.
What is insight learning?
The brain’s rapid growth in early childhood demonstrates this concept.
What is neuroplasticity?
Erikson’s stage focused on competence and success in school.
What is industry vs. inferiority?
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A person believes laws should be followed unless they violate fundamental human rights and is willing to challenge unjust laws. This reflects:
What is postconventional morality?
Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
This experiment showed children imitating aggressive behavior.
What is the Bobo doll experiment?
This attachment style is marked by distress when a caregiver leaves but comfort upon return.
What is secure attachment?
The stage where individuals explore and form their identity.
What is identity vs. role confusion?
A person in middle adulthood focuses on mentoring others and contributing to future generations. According to Erikson, what stage are they in?
What is generativity vs. stagnation?
Reinforcers that come from an outside source and are not inherently related to the activity being reinforced such as money, prizes and praise
What are Extrinsic Reinforcers?
Mental representations of physical space.
Mental representations of physical space.
According to Piaget, this stage involves learning through senses and actions.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
This brain process increases efficiency by removing weaker synaptic connections while strengthening frequently used ones, especially during childhood and adolescence.
What is synaptic pruning?
In this stage, young adults focus on forming close, meaningful relationships.
What is intimacy vs. isolation?