Physical Development
The typical age in which an infant is able to walk on its own.
What is about 18 months
This scientist was known for conducting an experiment on dogs using Classical Conditioning, where he paired food with a bell to get dogs to salivate when the bell was rung.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
This type of anxiety, which presents around 9–18 months, is where infants may cry when a caregiver leaves.
What is separation anxiety?
The sense of independence or freedom to control yourself and your actions.
What is autonomy?
The number of hours an average newborn sleeps per night.
What is 16 hours?
This is about the age infants are able to eat solid foods.
What is about 6 months?
This scientist believed that children learn through four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. These stages range from birth to about 12 years old.
Who is Jean Piaget?
The age at which an infant can copy basic emotions and facial expressions.
What is about 4 months old?
This scientist came up with eight stages of development across a lifetime (an infant will have gone through two of them by age 3). These stages include Trust vs Mistrust and Identity vs Confusion.
Who is Erik Erikson?
This fine motor skill, emerging around 9–12 months, allows infants to pick up small objects using thumb and forefinger.
What is the pincer grasp?
This reflex causes infants to move or turn their head when their face, especially the cheek, is touched.
What is the Rooting Reflex?
This type of memory is associated with specific incidents or memories of ones life. This type of memory is correlated with "flashbulb" memories, or very vivid and notable incidents or memories.
What is Episodic Memory?
This psychologist is famous for identifying different attachment styles in infants through her “Strange Situation” experiment.
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
These six primary emotions can be noted by distinct facial expressions that can appear as early as the first year of life.
What are joy, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise?
Also called the startle reflex, this occurs when an infant suddenly throws out their arms and legs.
What is the Moro reflex?
This condition occurs when an infants nutritional intake is not sufficient to keep up with it's growth, resulting in irregular growth and weight gain.
What is Failure to Thrive (FTT)?
This speech pattern, marked by vowel-consonant noises (i.e. ba, ma, la, etc), occurs 6 to 12 months into development. It is the last step before first words are typically spoken.
What is Babbling?
Notable shortly after birth, the characteristics of activity level, mood, and reactivity contribute to this part of an infants development.
What is temperment?
This occurs when infants realize they are separate from others. This typically happens at around 15 to 24 months old.
What is Self Awareness?
This type of family consists of two parents raising children in a single household.
What is a nuclear family?
These two hormones are vital to the physical growth of an infant. One of them influences growth throughout the body, while the other focuses on the Central Nervous System.
What are Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
This concept, typically grasped around ages 4-8 months, allows infants to understand that things still exist despite not being able to be see or touched.
What is Object Permanence?
This condition is diagnosed to infants who often forgo severe abuse, inconsistent care, or change caregivers often. It can result in issues with building connections, regulating emotions, and mental struggles.
What is Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)?
The final stage of John Bowlby's Attachment Theory, at 24 months old a baby understands that relationships are still present when people (i.e caregivers) aren't there.
What is Reciprocal Relationship Formation?
This is when an infant calls every object or type of an object by a certain name (i.e calling every animal "doggie").
What is overextension?