Infant
Social smile typically appears around this age.
What is 6 weeks - 2 months?
Erikson's stage for toddlers.
What is autonomy vs. shame and doubt?
Erikson's stage for preschoolers.
What is initiative vs. guilt?
Erikson's stage for school-age children.
What is industry vs. inferiority?
Erikson's stage for adolescents.
What is identity vs. role confusion?
Most babies can sit without support around this age.
What is 6 months?
The developmental task in Erikson's stage for infants.
What is trust vs. mistrust?
Piaget stage most toddlers are in.
What is sensorimotor (late toddlers may be transitioning to preoperational)?
Piaget stage preschoolers are in, known for magical thinking and egocentrism.
What is preoperational?
Best way to motivate school-age kids in health tasks (inhalers, glucose checks..)
What is praise for effort/skill-building and giving choices/responsibility?
When interviewing adolescents, the nurse should prioritize this to get accurate info.
What is privacy/confidentiality (within safety limits)?
Most toddlers should be able to walk independently by about this age.
What is 12-15 months?
Best toy type to support sensorimotor learning and cause/effect.
What are rattles/toys that make noise or respond to action?
This is the best type of play for toddlers: they play near others, but not with them.
What is parallel play?
The best explanation style for procedures in this age group.
What is simple, concrete explanations with a brief time frame ("first/then")?
Type of play for school-age that often includes rules and teams.
What are cooperative games/sports with rules?
A common adolescent cognitive shift described by Piaget.
What is formal operational thinking?
A preschooler's speech should be mostly understandable by strangers around this age.
What is 4 years?
A classic sign of separation anxiety most commonly begins around this age.
What is 8-9 months?
A developmentally normal behavior that could make medication administration tricky.
What is negativism ("no!")/ asserting independence?
This play type involves pretending and role play.
What is associative/imaginary play?
Common school-age stressor that can influence psychosocial development.
What is peer approval/school performance?
A developmentally normal behavior that can increase health risk.
What is risk-taking/peer influence?
A school-age child who suddenly has declining grades and frequent stomachaches may be showing this.
What is stress/anxiety?
A sign that suggests an infant may have hearing difficulty.
What is does not startle with loud sounds or doesn't turn head toward voices by 6 months?
The most important injury-prevention focus due to airway size and exploration.
What is choking prevention?
A common misconception preschoolers may have about illness/injury.
What is believing illness is punishment caused by thoughts/behaviors?
A key teaching point related to body changes that may begin late in this stage.
What is puberty education (normalizing body changes, hygiene, privacy)?
Best general approach to teaching adolescents about health topics.
What is collaborative, respectful, autonomy-supporting education with options and realistic goals?
An adolescent who sleeps until noon on weekends but is exhausted during the week may be experiencing this normal change.
What is a shifted circadian rhythm/sleep phase delay?