Behaviorism
The response to a stimulus
When we make an association between a stimulus and a response
What is a Conditioned Response?
A response that isn't learned
Example: fear
What is an Unconditioned Response (UCR)?
Conditioning that focuses on the consequences of a behavior
What is Operant Conditioning?
Removing something positive from the environment to decrease a behavior
Example: taking away time during recess due to misbehavior
What is Removal Punishment?
Was a Founder of Behaviorism, and was famous for his experiment with a dog
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
-doesn't take into account the influences of events after the behavior
-doesn't consider consequences
What are limitations of Classical Conditioning?
A response that is learned
Example: being afraid of podium after a bad public speaking experience
What is a Conditioned Response (CR)?
Manipulation of the environment before the behavior of interest
What is Cueing?
Adding something positive to the environment to increase a behavior
Example: giving a piece of candy for answering a question correctly
What is Positive Reinforcement?
A lasting change in a person as a result from a past experience
What is learning?
Having a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus
Example: boy gets attacked by a dog, so is afraid of all dogs
What is Generalization?
Something in the environment that brings about a new response due to past experience
Example: The Podium, that the boy now associates with his bad public speaking experience
What is a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
Verbal reminder that specific behavior is expected
What is prompting?
Removing something negative from the environment to increase a behavior
Example: giving child a weekend off chores for good grades
What is Negative Reinforcement?
The stimulus, or trigger, in the environment that causes a behavior
What is an Antecedent?
Only having a conditioned response to the original conditioned stimulus
Example: boy is attacked by a dog, and is only afraid of that dog breed
What is discrimination?
Something in the environment that causes an Unconditioned Response
Example: a racing heart when being made fun of
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
-Focuses on external control of behavior
-Can decrease a students motivation
-Ignores impact of students thinking on behavior
What are limitations on operant conditioning?
Adding something negative to the environment to decrease a behavior
Example: giving students extra homework due to talking during class
What is Positive Punishment?
Focuses on our actions (what we do)
What is Behavioral Perspective?
When a conditioned response is eliminated by presenting the conditioned stimulus alone
Example: a boy is exposed to dogs, so his fear of dogs is eliminated
What is extinction?
Something the environment that originally had nothing to do with the Unconditioned Response
Example: The podium
What is a Neutral Stimulus (NS)?
A professional field that addresses the need for a more formal and accountable application of behavioral principles
What is Applied Behavior Analysis?
-Fixed-Ratio
-Variable Ratio
-Fixed Interval
-Variable Interval
What are Schedules of Reinforcement?