Johnny is in a store with his mother, and he sees a shelf of toys. According to Freud, Johnny’s Id might suggest
that he grab a toy and play with it because it is fun
100
According to Freud’s theory, personality arises in response to conflicts between
our biological impulses and the social restraints against them.
100
Which theorists have been most criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?
trait
100
Although Jerry frequently cheats on classroom tests, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other students cheat even more than he does. His mistaken belief best illustrates
self-serving bias
200
What is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?
Zygote, embryo, fetus
200
According to Freud, we have an “Ego Ideal” operating in the Superego. An Ego Ideal is
a view of our ideal self
200
The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called
projection
200
Self-esteem is negatively correlated with
depression
200
Which of the following places the greatest emphasis on the unconscious mind?
The psychoanalytic perspective
300
When a child is told that a cow is not a horse and the child develops a new category for cows, he is showing
accommodation
300
Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician’s waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother’s skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of
insecure attachment
300
To a psychologist, personality means
the way someone characteristically behaves
300
The cross-sectional method:
compares people of different ages with one another
300
An example of self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to
See themselves as average on nearly any desirable dimension.
400
When a child sees a cow for the first time (new object) and calls it a horse (applies an old idea), he is showing Piaget's process of
assimilation
400
In pre-conventional morality, the person:
obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
400
A student has not had a chance to study for a quiz in her psychology class and has “conveniently forgotten” that there is a quiz today. She is using the defense mechanism of
repression
400
Longitudinal research studies the ______ people at ______ times.
Same ; Different
400
Isaiah is sober and reserved; Rashid is fun-loving and affectionate. The Eysencks’ would say that Isaiah _______ and Rashid ________ .
Is an introvert; is an extravert
500
A current assumption about human nature is that development
continues over the entire life span
500
Andrew’s grandfather, who has lived a rich and productive life, is a spontaneous, loving, and self-accepting person. Maslow might that he
is a self-actualizing person.
500
Something unfair happens at school and the instructor makes you very angry. Instead of yelling at the instructor, you go home and yell at your younger sister. This would be an example of which defense mechanism?
displacement
500
Research has shown that individuals who are made to feel insecure are subsequently
More critical of others
500
Whose theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas?