ADHD
To make a diagnosis of ADHD, there needs to be documentation of impairment in how many settings?
More than 1 major setting
-Information obtained primarily from reports from parents or guardians, teachers, and other school and mental health clinicians involved in the child's care
According to the DSM-V: __ of the 3 must show persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across context, not accounted for by general developmental delays and __ of the 4 symptoms related to restricted and repetitive behaviors need to be present
ALL Social communication/interaction-Problems reciprocating social/emotional interaction, severe problems maintaining relationships, and nonverbal communication problems
2/4 Restricted and repetitive behavior
-Stereotyped/repetitive speech, motor movements, or use of objects
-Excessive adherence to routines, ritualized patterns of verbal/nonverbal behavior, or excessive resistance to change
-Highly restricted interest
-Hyper/hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
*Must cause functional impairment
Hypotonia, excessive skin at the nape, sandal gap toes
Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Name 2 Developmental Screening Tests
PEDS (Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status) and ASQ (Ages and Stages)
A program of the US Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families
Head Start (3-5 y/o)
Early Head Start (0-3 y/o)
Mainstay of treatment for 4-5 years of age with ADHD
Behavior therapy (modifying physical and social environment to alter/change behavior)
Mod-severe dysfunction considered for medication (according to AAP guidelines in 2011)
1) sx persisted for at least 9 months
2) Dysfunction manifested in both home and other settings
3) dysfunction that has not responded adequately to behavioral therapy
Deceleration of head growth between age 5-48 months, loss of previously acquired purposeful hand skills, stereotyped hand movements, loss of social engagement early in the course, poorly-coordinated gait, severely impaired expressive and receptive language development
Rett's Disorder
Thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, flat mid face and short nose
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Children are asked to draw a picture of their family, including themselves, "doing something." This picture is meant to elicit the child's attitudes toward his or her family and the overall family dynamics.
Kinetic Family Drawing
Services and supports available to babies and young children (birth to 3 y/o) with developmental delays and disabilities
Early Intervention
Before beginning medication treatment for adolescents with newly diagnosed ADHD, clinicians should assess these patients for symptoms of ________
Substance abuse
“Correct” behaviors taught through a system of rewards and consequences. The goal is to increase helpful behaviors and decrease harmful behaviors
Applied Behavioral Analysis
High pitched cat-like cry, hypertelorism, micrognathia
Cri-du-chat
What is the criteria for Intellectual Disability?
IQ score <70 and low adaptive scoring behavior (includes three types of skills: practical skills, conceptual skills and social skills)
Symptoms started <18 y/o
This is a document that is developed for each public school child who is eligible for special education.
Individualized Education Plan
Give an example of non-stimulant medications for ADHD
Atomoxetine (selective inhibitor of presynaptic NE transporter in the central nervous system) increase and NE and dopaminee concentration
Medications not approved by FDA- TCA, bupropion and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (clonidine, guanfenacine)
Therapist trained to work directly with children and adults with autism to practice skills and work towards individual goals
Registered behavioral technicians (RBTs)
Narrow bifrontal diameter, almond shaped eyes, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Prader-Willi
In the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale for assessment of children 6-12 y/o, other than questions about hyperactivity and inattention, name other related conditions that are included in the questions items
Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression (disorders often co-morbid with ADHD)
Also have questions on effects on academic performance.
Law that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education and related services to those children
IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
This study showed that pharmacologic intervention for ADHD was more effective than behavioral treatment alone. Combination treatment was no better than medication alone, except when the children studied also had a co-morbid anxiety or oppositional defiant disorder.
MTA (Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD)
Designs and directly oversees ABA. Customize it to each learner’s skills, needs, interests, preferences, and family situation
BCBAs (board certified behavioral analyst)
"Greek helmet" facies, cleft lip/palate, coloboma
Wolf-Hirschhorn
According to State of Hawaii DOH, what is the SD score cut-off in Battelle Developmental Inventory to be eligible for Early Intervention
SD ≤ -1 in multiple areas (2 or more different domains or sub-domains)
SD ≤ -1.4 in at least one domain or sub-domain
Multidisciplinary team observations and informed clinical opinion when the child's score cannot be measured by the evaluation instrument
Accommodations within the classroom based on a child's individual needs i.e preferential seating, modified assignments, and homework load
Section 504
Rehabilitation Act of 1973- legal basis for school-based accommodations once a disability is identified